金川铜镍矿山尾矿砂酸溶性实验研究

为研究金川铜镍矿山酸性废水溶解尾矿砂实现综合治理废液与废固的可能性,进行了尾矿砂在硫酸中的溶解实验。结果表明,尾矿砂在硫酸浓度大于3mol/L、温度保持90℃以上并在液固比6.0下强力搅拌,能够较好地溶解于硫酸中,生成无定形二氧化硅;300℃的马弗炉焙烧4h有助于尾矿砂中绿泥石的溶解,对透闪石的溶解影响不大。尾矿砂中橄榄石、蛇纹石和透辉石较容易被硫酸溶解,透闪石、斜长石则比较难溶解,这与尾矿砂中矿物性质有密切关系。     

吐哈盆地南缘构造演化及其对层间氧化带型铀成矿的控制作用

从区域板块构造运动、盆山耦合及与层间氧化带型铀成矿关系出发，将吐哈盆地南缘构造演化归纳为四个阶段：（1）新疆古陆台发展阶段（An∈）；（2）准吐板块南缘被动大陆边缘沉积阶段（∈～C1）；（3）岛弧前缘增生推覆体及类前陆盆地发育阶段（C2～T）；（4）次造山区－斜坡带发育阶段（J～Q）。第三阶段形成的构造格局为本区中新生代沉积及层间氧化带型铀成矿奠定了良好的物质来源和长期稳定的斜坡带基础，第四阶段中侏罗世末以后的山间盆地发育期控制了本区层间氧化带的发育及砂岩型铀矿的形成。提出“中新生代次造山区背景上的稳定斜坡带－河流相富还原剂可渗透碎屑岩系平缓单斜层－局部背斜、鼻隆及断层复活”的构造叠加组合为本区层间氧化带型铀矿的构造位标志。     

Moessbauer and XRD characterization of contaminated sediments by coal mining drainage in Neath Canal, South Wales, UK

Sediment cores were collected from the upstream of the Neath Canal in South Wales and characterized for their mineral compositions and iron speciation in order to understand the influence of sedimentary properties on the contaminants of heavy metals. The sediments in the canal have been polluted by ocherous precipitate with heavy metals such as arsenic since a major mine water discharge in spring 1993. The sediment core was obtained just from the discharge point in the canal and distinguished into three layers in the field regarding to their physical properties including visible color, sediment particle composition and dryness. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and M6ssbauer spectroscopy revealed vertical variations of minerals and iron species in depth of the sediment profile. The upper layer, reddish-brown, is wet muddy precipitant and is very fine in particle size, consisting mainly of iron oxide and hydroxide. Arsenic is rich in this layer; probably the sorption on iron oxide surface is the main mechanism. The middle layer, 22.0-27.0 cm, is soft deposit in a yellow color and contains sheet silicate, calcite and goethite. The lower part below 27.0 cm is gray to dark gray in color and contains quartz, pyrite, coal particles that are much more similar to normal aquatic sediment. The upper two layers in brown and yellow colors as newly precipitated mud from AMD contain high concentrations of As, Ni under oxic conditions. The lower part as the old canal sediments under reducing conditions contains high Cu and Zn. Chromium is enriched in the limited part of the low layer, just beneath the boundary between the middle and low parts of the sedimentary column, where the redox conditions shifted from oxic to anoxic. It is clear that the distribution of these heavy metals is closely associated with the redox condition reflected in the iron speciation. Thus different treatments are necessary for each layer of the sediment since different mineral and geochemical properties of the sediment will give different impacts on the heavy metals.     

海南荔枝沟中三叠世酸性火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

海南岛位于印支与华南陆块的交界地带,构造演化复杂,因此海南岛的拼合历史和构造属性一直备受争议.在海南岛三亚荔枝沟地区新识别出的酸性火山岩对于探讨海南岛早中生代的构造属性具有重要指示意义.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示该套酸性火山岩中流纹岩的成岩年龄为241±6 Ma（MSWD=0.9）.地球化学特征表明该套火山岩样品的SiO₂含量介于72.34%~77.83%,具较高的Al₂O₃（10.51%~13.53%）、K₂O（2.85%~4.85%）、Na₂O（1.75%~3.79%）含量和A/CNK比值（0.99~2.07）,为过铝质钙碱性酸性火山岩.样品稀土元素含量为∑REE=87×10-6~177×10-6,富集轻稀土元素,显示右倾岛弧型稀土元素配分模式,Eu负异常明显.样品富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,ε_Nd（t）变化于-12.1~-11.3之间,可被解释为变沉积物部分熔融后经历分离结晶作用的产物.区域对比研究表明该套酸性火山岩可与三江地区的金沙江-哀牢山-松马构造带的中三叠世岩浆岩进行类比,应形成于印支与华南陆块汇聚的构造背景.      

滇西北金沙江结合带各磨茸中酸性岩体多元地球化学示踪

应用常量元素、微量元素对岩浆岩进行构造环境、成因及岩源示踪时 ,首先必须在宏观区域地质、地球化学调查基础上 ,结合当时所形成的各类地质体岩石类型组合来恢复 ,它是宏观构造环境判别的基础 .其次 ,由于构造环境时空复杂性 ,需采用“两结合”的研究方法 ,一是多元地球化学信息示踪 ;二是不同岩类的时空配套 .第三 ,在选择判别图解时 ,需弄清前人图解的应用前提、适用范围和条件 ,以正确投点 .在此思想指导下 ,侧重对滇西北金沙江结合带各磨茸中酸性岩体进行了常量、微量元素的多元地球化学示踪 ,获得了较好的效果     

苏里格气田苏48区盒_8—山_1段砂岩储层物性主控因素研究

通过岩心观察、物性分析、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射等方法,对苏里格气田苏48区块盒8—山1段储层岩心样品进行分析测试,研究储层物性的主控因素。研究表明,苏里格气田苏48区盒8—山1段储层属低、特低孔低渗储层,其物性主要受沉积作用及成岩作用的控制。沉积作用通过控制储层的碎屑成分及沉积微相来控制其物性,心滩、边滩物性最好...     

辽河断陷西部凹陷古近系砂岩储层与油气

辽河断陷西部凹陷是一个典型的箕状凹陷。受节节下掉正断层的控制，区内在古近系发育了陡坡型和缓坡型两种沉积模式。经过初陷~裂陷、扩张和再陷三个构造~沉积演化期，区内沉积了以源近流短的扇三角洲、湖底扇等为主的粗碎屑砂岩储层。该储层经历压实、胶结和溶蚀等过程，目前主要处于早成岩阶段和晚成岩A期。在沉积和成岩双重控制之下，砂岩储层的孔隙类型以粒间扩大孔隙为主。压实作用损失的孔隙大于胶结作用损失的孔隙。储层在纵向上发育有多个次生孔隙发育带。古近系砂岩储层物性和含油性都以扇三角洲砂岩储层最好，是该凹陷最重要的油气储层。研究认为该区深层具有很大的油气勘探潜力。研究指出了断陷盆地油气的勘探方向。     

Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Pleistocene Lignites and Associated Sediments of Marathousa Coal Field,Central Peloponnese,Greece

The mineralogy and geochemistry data are presented for thirty-seven shales,four concretions,two carbonate sediments and seven lignites from the Marathousa coal field of the Megalopolis Basin in Greece.The argillaceous rocks consist of chlorite,illite,kaolinte,albite,quartz.opal-A,calcite and dolomite;the concretions of aragonite,gypsum and pyrite;and the carbonate rocks of calcite,quartz and illite.The mineral matter in the lignites consists of gypsum,quartz,albite,chlorite,illite,opal-A,dolomite,pyrite,and rarely calcite and kaolinite Athree-factor model explains the total variaition of major and trace elements in the argillaceous sediments.The first factor is an aluminosilicate factor and involves the following elements:Al,Si,Mg,Na,K,Ti,Mn,Nb,Y,Rb,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Nband V,associated with chlorite,albite and illite.The second factor involves the elements Ca,Sr,Ba,Znand Sc and is related to carbonate lithology and mainly the carbonate concretions with gypsum.The third factor involves Fe and Ce with a weak association with Mn.The diagenesis of the Marathousa sediments and lignites was not very advanced as indicated by (a) the total thickness of the sequence (500m),(b) the presence of biogenic silica(opal-A) and (c) the age of the deposit(Pleistocene).FOr these reasons the rpresence of chlorite,illite and kaolinite in the sediments and lignite is due not to diagenetic reactions but to weathering of the flysch and metamorphic rocks at the edges of the Megalopolis Basin and transport of the weathering products(illite,chlorite,kaolinite)into the basin of deposition.The diagenetic minerals of the Marathousa sequence include pyrite,gypsum,dolomite and aragonite.     

喇嘛苏铜矿中酸性岩体岩石学特征

采用费氏台五轴定位法和D C Noble等提出的求斜长石成分和有序度方法、鉴定图表,在喇嘛苏矿区三种中酸性岩体的岩石薄片中选择比较新鲜的、自形程度较好的斜长石,测得斜长石牌号χ(An)=24～56,有序度S=0.4～0.7,说明斜长石以中长石为主,属中温型,即在结晶过程中岩浆冷却的速度较快;斜长石环带有正常环带,也有韵律环带,表明在结晶过程中总体是正常结晶环境,而期间有上下反复运动和岩浆房内压力的反复变化。     

煤矿酸性水中亚稳态矿物Schwertmannite的形成与转变

斯沃特曼矿是一种形成于煤矿酸性水环境中的铁的含水硫酸盐矿物,具有很高的比表面积和不稳定性,对煤矿酸性水中有害微量元素的吸附和迁移活性具有重要影响。运用扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)和粉末X射线衍射等手段,通过测定和对比,鉴别了中国的煤矿酸性矿排水渠中存在斯沃特曼矿物,在实验室中模拟酸性水环境对煤中非均质黄铁矿进行氧化反应试验,结果显示,反应产物中存在斯沃特曼矿物,并且认为随着反应时间的延长,斯沃特曼矿物逐渐向针铁矿转变。