Brick tea and its health impact

Tea bush is one of the plants cultivated in acidic soil, and is a typical hyper-accumulator of F and Al. Brick tea is a kind of brick-formed tea compressed using the older and coarse leaves and branches of tea trees. Brick tea mixed with milk is drunk as a daily indispensable beverage for Mongols, Ewenki, and other minority nationalities in the pastoral and semi-pastoral areas of Northwest China. It is reported that drinking brick tea can result in dental and skeletal fluorosis due to the high F content in it. Because Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is related with Al in human brain, and Al has potential toxicities for skeletal and neural systems,     

The concentration and distribution of different mercury species in the water columns and sediment of Aha Lake

In order to find out whether Aha Lake was polluted by the acid mining waste water or not, the concentration and distribution of different mercuryspecies in the water columns and sediment profile collected from Aha Lake were investigated. It was found that discernible seasonal variation of different mercury species in water body were obtained in the Aha Reservoir. With regards to the whole sampling periods, the concentrations of HgP in the Aha Reservoir water body were evidently correlated to the concentrations of total mercury, showing that total mercury was mostly associated with particle mercury. The concentrations of methylmercury in water body were also evidently correlated to the concentrations of dissolved mercury. The dissolved mercury evidently affects the distribution and transportation of methylmercury. However, there is no correlation between methylmercury and total mercury. The dissolved mercury, reactive mercury, dissolved methylmercury levels in the water body of high flow period were much higher than those in low flow period. The distribution, speciation and levels of mercury within the Aha Reservoir water body were governed by several factors, such as the output of river, the release of sediment . Discernible seasonal variation of total mercury and methylmercury in porewater was described during the sampling periods, with the concentrations in high flow period generally higher than those in low flow period. The methylmercury in pore water column was evidently correlated to that of the sediment. The results indicated that highly elevated MeHgD concentrations in the porewater were produced at the depths from 2 to 5 cm in the sediment profile, and decreased sharply with depth. A positive correlation has been found between MeHgD formation and sulfate reducing bacterial activity. These highly elevated concentrations of MeHgD at the intersurface between waters and sediments suggest a favorable methylation condition. Moreover,     

底质不连续面类型、成因及遗迹学特征

底质不连续面是沉积作用中断时所形成的一种地层界面。根据底质的粘结程度可将底质不连续面划分为两大类：固底不连续面和硬底不连续面。固底不连续面中的简单停积面依靠沉积序列的变化来识别，界面上、下的生物地层带是连续的；而复成停积面上、下的生物地层带不连续。在硬底不连续面中，硬底的上、下地层属于同一个沉积体系，而继承性岩底的上、下地层则属于不同的沉积体系，其间发生过重大的沉积间断。根据底质控制的Glossifungites遗迹相和Trypanites遗迹相可以有效地识别各类不连续面并解释其成因。三种类型的不连续面具有层序地层学意义：①侵蚀性不连续面，包括低水位侵蚀面（LSE）和海进侵蚀面（TSE）；②无沉积间断面；③沉积性不连续面（凝缩段）。     

硅铍钠石在水热条件下的形成

硅铍钠石(Na_2BeSi_2O_6),由于它极易溶解在HCl、HNO_3等酸性介质中,故自然界中极为少见。国外,在科拉半岛和格陵兰等少数地区发现有此矿物。天然硅铍钠石先见于科拉半岛的罗沃泽尔碱性岩体的方钠石正长伟晶岩和霞石正长伟晶岩中。有关硅铍钠石的矿物学特征曾有人做过一些研究。近年来,对其在水热条件下的合成实验也有少量报     

X射线荧光光谱-电子探针在中酸性火山岩鉴定中的应用

中酸性火山岩多具斑状结构,基质可见微晶状结构、隐晶状结构、玻璃质结构等,由于基质矿物颗粒多细小,常用的偏光显微镜受放大倍数的限制,很难准确鉴定矿物种属及含量,这类岩石仅依靠偏光显微镜分类命名会存在误差。本文采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、电子探针(EMPA)和偏光显微镜下观察相结合的方法,对中酸性火山岩进行鉴定。结果表明:对于基质呈隐晶质、显微晶质的中酸性火山岩,基质特征相似,偏光显微镜下无法确定长石、石英的含量,因此无法对岩石准确命名;再通过XRF进行主量元素分析,并对分析结果进行标准矿物QAPF双三角图解分类、TAS图解分类及李氏火山岩定量分类,对比结果显示三种分类命名方法存在差异;通过电子探针对矿物进行校验显示,QAPF及李氏火山岩定量分类图解与显微镜下鉴定相符,TAS图解与其他分析结果存在一定偏差。因此,对于中酸性火山岩准确命名,应采用多种分析方法相结合的方式,避免测试单一引起的误差。     

Naturally acidic and metalliferous waters at unmined volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the Bonnifield mining district, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska

The Bonnifield district hosts 26 tmmined volcanogenic massive sulfide （VMS） occurrences. Environmental geochemical samples of water and stream sediment were collected at several occurrences, concentrating on the two best-exposed and largest deposits, Red Mountain （RM） and Sheep Creek （SC）. Limited samples were also collected at the poorly exposed WTF deposit. The deposits are Late Devonian to Early Mississippian, and are hosted by felsic metavolcanic and carbonaceous schist members of the Totatlanika Schist or Keevy Peak Fm. Spring and stream waters at RM and SC have pH values commonly 〈3.5 （as low as 2.4 at RM and 2.5 at SC）, high conductivity （up to 11000 μS/cm）, and very high （Is to 100s mg/L） dissolved contents of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Pb. Waters at RM are characterized by extremely high REE contents （summed REE median 3200 μg/L, n=33）. At both RM and SC, pyrite oxidation and dissolution produce low pH waters that interact with and dissolve bedrock minerals, resulting in acidic, metal-laden, naturally degraded streams that are mostly devoid of aquatic life. Ferricrete is common. In contrast, WTF barely produces a surficial environmental footprint, mostly due to topography and relief. RM and SC are well exposed in the areas of relatively high relief, and both exhibit extensive areas of quartz-sericite-pyrite-alteration. While WTF shares many of the same deposit-and alteration characteristics, it is concealed by tundra in a large, nearly flat area. Surface water at WTF is absent and outcrops are sparse. Even though WTF is roughly the same size as Red Mountain （both around 3 million tonnes） and has similar base- and precious-metal grades, the surficial geochemical manifestation of WTF is minimal. However, exposure through mining of the altered, mineralized rock at WTF potentially could initiate the same processes of pyrite oxidation, acid generation, and mineral dissolution that are observed naturally at RM and SC.     

板块沉积学

板块沉积学是一个新的研究领域，是以沉积作用同板块构造密切结合为研究特色的交叉学科。作者初步定义为：板块沉积学是研究各种板块构造环境下沉积岩石组合以及沉积作用演化的学科，是介于沉积学和板块构造学之间的边缘学科。它属宏观沉积学的范畴，主导思想是“活动论”。     

鄂东南古岩溶岩系的识别及其时空发育特点

古岩溶及其成矿作用的研究是鄂东南多金属成矿带沉积学和矿床学工作的较薄弱环节之一。作者依据大量野外观测资料,提出识别该区古岩溶岩系的地层、构造、形态和岩石学等四种标志及其古岩溶岩系的成因分类方案,对古岩溶在时间、空间上发育之强度、多期性及其优先发育部位亦作了分析,并阐述岩浆活动对该区古岩溶发育的影响。最后对古岩溶岩系的生成环境,形成作用和时间进行初步探讨。     

郑州市酸雨变化特征及影响因素分析

通过对1992-2006年郑州酸雨观测站数据以及2001年4月-2006年12月郑州空气质量逐日数据进行统计分析,发现郑州市降水酸性呈现增强趋势,主要发生在秋、冬两个季节,频率在40%以上,冬季酸雨发生天数要多于秋季,降水酸度在秋末至12月较强。影响酸雨的主要因子为PM10、SO2与NO2浓度和降水量,PM10主要通过与酸性气体的化学反应来影响降水电导率K值,降水对大气中PM10的净化有较强的作用。连续性降水过程中降水pH值有减小趋势的占57.14%,主要在于降水对地面的湿润作用有效地阻止了来自地面的可溶性微粒进入大气中,不能足够吸收大气中酸性物质,致使酸性物质直接进入降水中造成降水持续酸化。     

中酸性侵入岩中铁镁质微粒包体及其意义

系统地介绍了近年来铁镁质微粒包体（MME）这一当今世界花岗岩研究和焦点课题的研究现状，指出铁镁质微粒包体及花岗岩的岩浆混合模式对壳－－幔物质及能量交换作用过程研究的重要意义，同时提出了对包体的研究方法。