Effects of the addition of complexants and bacteria on the soil-plant transfer at metal contaminated sites

Within a series of pot experiments with substrates sampled at heavily to moderately polluted sites of past metal mining activities, it was tried to influence the soil plant transfer of metals via addition of complexants, soil bacteria and perlite. Lettuce （lactuca sativa） was chosen as a universal accumulator plant. A wide range of concentrations in the samples ensures a rather general approach. The goal was to develop a strategy to enable plant growth at metal contaminated substrates for phytoremediation purposes. One contaminated mine tailing from Shiheung/Korea was treated with EDTA, NTA, citric acid, malic acid, NaCl, citrate＋NaCl, as well as compost, to provoke effects from chemical treatment. This should yield low molecular metal complexes in the soil solution and provide a carbon source to natural soil life. Other samples from Shiheung, from Okdong mine tailings, Okdong farmland, as well as from three contaminated sites from a medieval mine tailing at Oberzeiring/Styria/Austrias were treated with Cd- adapted soil bacteria, perlite, and soil bacteria and perlite, to impose of changes in microbial life directly. Fresh mine tailings are low in microbial life and plant- available nitrogen, whereas in the contaminated Austrian medieval samples, conditions have had time to adapt for more than 600 years. In the test substrates, supply with nutrient nitrogen was low, supply with nutrient phosphorus was low to adequate, and supply with potassium and sulfate was adequate. Effects of various additives on the plant yield mainly depend on the initial nutrient status. After harvest, the soils were parted in root soils and bulk soils to recognize possible differences. The lettuce plants were parted in leaves and roots. The solids were characterized by convential methods and aqua regia digestion, as well as by a Tessier-type sequential leaching procedure. The plant samples were digested with HNO3/HClO4. Basically, sample solutions were simultaneously read for 23 elements in ICP-OES in appropriate dilutions. Various treatments result in concentration shifts in root soil, bulk soil, plant roots and plant leaves. Interpretation is not easy, but physiologically active elements or contaminants are usually more involved.     

临澧玻屑头版灰岩的资源特性评价

湖南临澧玻屑凝灰岩的化学成分、矿物组成及部分工艺性能等方面综合分析表明,该玻屑凝灰岩是一种高硅高铝富钾非晶质组成、含有一定膨润土和少量云母类矿物、自然组分粒度细小、具有较强化学活性的非金属矿产资源。经湿筛分离和酸处理,可有效去除玻屑凝灰岩中的云母类矿物及铁、钛等杂质,使其可直接用做沸石分子筛的合成原料。因而,沸石分子筛的合成及其系列产品开发是玻凝灰岩深层次开发利用的优先发展方向。     

CT高浓度碘对比剂在克罗恩病中的应用效果

目的：通过比较不同浓度碘对比剂在克罗恩患者腹部CT血管成像质量及肠壁相对强化值,探讨高浓度对比剂在该病患者腹部CT的应用价值。方法：回顾性地分析了2016年5月至2019年1月经临床及病理诊断为CD,并进行了小肠CTE检查的30例患者,根据使用对比剂浓度的不同,分为高浓度组（A组碘浓度为400 mg/mL）,常规浓度组（B组碘浓度为350 mg/mL）。所有患者通过自动触发技术进行动脉期扫描。动脉期对腹部主要血管显影质量以三级评分为基础进行评价,对腹主动脉、肠系膜上动脉强化及肠壁强化进行以CT值测量为基础的定量评价,计算目标血管的对比噪声比（CNR）,采用独立样本t检验对结果进行评价。结果：在定性评价上,动脉期腹部血管成像质量A组高于B组（P<0.05）。定量评价动脉期A组在腹主动脉、肠系膜上动脉强化值均高于B组（P=0.025）,且A组在肠壁的动脉期相对强化值（39.25±11.99） HU高于B组（30.27±11.69） HU,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。A组目标血管的对比噪声比（CNR）皆高于B组,组间存在统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论：在克罗恩患者中,高浓度碘对比剂对腹主动脉及肠系膜血管主干分支强化程度更高、显影更佳,对病变肠壁强化更明显。     

四烷铵络合碘对球形棕囊藻去除作用的研究

研究了四烷铵络合碘对赤潮生物球形棕囊藻Phaeochystis globosa的灭杀和控制作用。结果表明,四烷铵络合碘对球形棕囊藻具有明显的抑制和杀灭作用。当藻细胞起始密度为1.5×106cells.ml-1时,低于15 mg.L-1的四烷铵络合碘溶液对球形棕囊藻生长有一定的抑制作用,高于25 mg.L-1的四烷铵络合碘溶液对球形棕囊藻有显著的杀灭作用。四烷铵络合碘具有高效、低毒、药效期长等优点,可能是一种较理想的除藻剂。     

应用碱性水泥外掺剂固化天津海积软土的试验研究

天津海积软土具有高含水量、低强度、高压缩性、低pH值等特征,不能直接满足工程建设需要,必须进行人工处理。在水泥土搅拌法中使用适量碱性外掺剂NaOH或Na2CO3,可以提高桩身水泥土强度和复合地基承载力,同时能节省大量水泥,降低工程费用。现场试验中将海积软土与分别掺入0.5%NaOH和0.5%Na2CO3的10%水泥就地搅拌,形成两种新型水泥土,在与原状土及20%纯水泥土进行比较后,发现碱性外掺剂可以促使生成大量针状、棒状或纤维状水化硅酸钙晶体,抑制了能产生膨胀作用的钙矾石的生成,同时,有Ca(OH)2晶体析出,它们共同构成土颗粒间和土颗粒表面的充填物和包裹物,使水泥固化土的孔隙明显减小,密度和强度得到极大提高。检测结果显示水泥土强度提高了20%以上,复合地基承载力不小于120kPa。     

DABS-Cl柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定对虾肌肉中18种游离氨基酸

建立一种以DABS-Cl为柱前衍生剂,利用反相高效液相色谱测定对虾肌肉中18种游离氨基酸的方法。结果表明,在50 min内18种氨基酸得到完全分离,各氨基酸相关系数均大于0.997,氨基酸的回收率在86.60%~107.27%之间(胱氨酸除外),方法的检出限为0.18~0.66 mg/L,相对标准偏差为3.53%~8.51%(天冬氨酸除外)。     

蒙脱石,高岭石与碱性驱替剂作用时矿物间的协同效应研究

在７５℃下系统地研究了蒙脱石、高岭石、以及蒙脱石和高岭石的复配矿物与７＃碱性驱替剂（ρＮａ２ＣＯ３＝１５ｇ·Ｌ－１）间的作用,采用分光光度法对反应后反应液中的硅铝元素质量密度进行了测定,并对两种矿物单独存在时的结果和共存时的进行了比较,结果表明因为蒙脱石在碱性驱替剂中容易析出硅元素,而高岭石在碱性驱替剂中容易析出铝元素,当二者共存时会相互抑制。并且,蒙脱石的存在会对高岭石析出铝元素产生很大的抑制作用,而高岭石的存在对蒙脱石析出硅元素的抑制作用较小,证明蒙脱石更容易与碱液反应而对整个反应起到控制作用。协同效应研究还表明,蒙脱石的作用与其质量不成比例,当加入很少的蒙脱石也会控制整个反应。这些研究对化学驱中化学剂损耗预测模型的建立具有重大的意义。     

复方有机疗效助长剂在日本对虾幼体培育出的应用

以复方有机疗效助长剂的不同剂量和不同投喂方式对日本对虾各期幼体培育进行三批的试验，分析了Ｑ．Ｓ．在日本对虾培育育中的应用效果。在水温２４－２９℃，盐度２２－２９下，无节幼体至仔虾经１５ｄ培育，试验组和对照组的存活率，平均体长分别是５２．９，１０．０５ｍｍ和３１．７％与８．８ｍｍ。     

PHP——NKHm泥浆水敏性地层中的应用

长城窝堡井田内施工的油田参数井,地层复杂,工艺要求高,其白垩系泉头组的灰紫色泥岩易水化膨胀,是重点防御井段;第四系平原组,主要以灰黄色细砂层为主,浅灰色不等粒砂层次之,此层难度在于护壁和防塌。为此选择降失水性能高、且具有较低粘度的CPAN作为降失水剂,选择阴离子型、分子量300～500,水解度为30％的聚丙烯酰胺（PHP）作为絮凝剂。将处理剂进行复配,并做一系列的抗泥侵、防塌等试验对比工作,最终选定PHP-CPAN-NKHM高聚物泥浆配方。通过白20号参数井和生产实践,证明该配方在水敏性地层的应用效果比较显著。