彩虹明樱蛤基因组DNA提取及RAPD扩增的初步研究

对采自浙江温岭的彩虹明樱(Moerella iridescens)养殖群体的DNA提取和RAPD扩增条件进行了研究.从38种随机引物中筛选到重复性好的6种引物分别对11个个体的DNA进行扩增,共产生247个DNA条带(300～1 600 bp),总共检测到43个位点,其中多态位点32个,多态位点比例为74.42%.11个个体间的遗传相似系数在0.553～0.884之间,平均为0.691,个体间的平均遗传距离为0.309.表明该群体的遗传多样性比较丰富,种质资源处于良好状态.     

中国黄渤海真江蓠(Agarophyton vermiculophyllum)群体遗传多样性研究

真江蓠是原产于西北太平洋的重要经济红藻。我们利用10对微卫星引物检测中国黄渤海地区真江蓠的群体遗传多样性和结构。10个微卫星位点在12个群体中共检测到65个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因（N_a）为1~28,有效等位基因（N_e）为1.0~9.6。每个群体的平均等位基因（N_a）、平均有效等位基因（N_e）、平均香浓指数（I）、平均观察杂合度（H_o）和平均预期杂合度（H_e）分别为2.4、1.6、0.419、0.133和0.227,显示较低的群体遗传多样性。中国黄渤海12个真江蓠群体间遗传分化较大（F_st=0.398 7）,基因流有限（N_m=0.377 1）,近交系数为正（F_is=0.391 3,F_it=0.634 0）,表明可能存在近交和杂合子缺失现象。Structure和UPGMA系统进化分析一致将12个群体分为两个遗传组,并在黑石礁群体（HS）和石岛群体（SD）中发现明显的遗传混杂现象。AMOVA分析显示遗传变异主要来自于群体内（73.27%）。该研究可为黄渤海地区真江蓠自然资源保护和管理提供科学依据。     

我国东南沿海坛紫菜遗传多样性研究

利用线粒体COX和叶绿体rbcL基因片段对我国东南沿海坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis Chang et Zheng)9个野生群体和2个养殖群体(共125个个体)进行遗传多样性分析。比对分析后得到408 bp的COX基因片断和488 bp的rbcL基因片断。联合分析的基因片断长度为896 bp,其中T、C、A、G的含量分别为34.9%、14.6%、34.2%和16.3%。检测到变异位点128个,其中单碱基变异位点19个,简约信息位点109个。群体的平均核苷酸多样性为0.035 9±0.028 4,单倍型多样性为0.817 0±0.024 0。125个个体共定义了31个单倍型,其中Hap1、Hap10和Hap16是核心单倍型,分别占全部样本的32.8%、12.8%和24.8%。群体遗传距离和地理距离相关性检测显示二者呈线性相关(R²=0.002 2,p=0.735 4),即遗传距离随地理距离的增大而增大,但未形成地理隔离。根据单倍型构建的ML树显示,坛紫菜群体之间没有明显的地理谱系结构,表明各个群体之间存在基因交流。     

集优性状杂交刺参的健康生态养殖和示范推广

为提高我国刺参的健康生态养殖水平,文章分析韩国红刺参与中国刺参的杂交,通过优势性状的定向选择育种,获得具有集优性状的刺参新品系,兼具韩国红刺参和中国刺参的品质优势,充分发挥韩国红刺参耐高温、夏眠时间短、生长速度快和体壁厚实等优点。养殖实验和研究结果表明：刺参杂交组比刺参对照组的生长速度提高超过25%,成活率提高超过24%;温度和盐度对杂交刺参稚参生长发育的影响显著,稚参阶段的最适温度为20℃～25℃,最适盐度为28～30;刺参杂交组的夏眠时间延迟,内脏未完全消退。根据基础研究结果,应进一步熟化技术,以企业为载体,开展控温室内育苗工作。     

Germplasm of breeding Pseudosciaena crocea as revealed by microsatellite markers

The germplasm of breeding large yellow croaker （Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson） was revealed using 12 microsatellite markers. The results showed that the genetic diversities were on a mediated level in the bred Daiqu and Min - Yue stocks and two hybrid groups, as represented by 4.83 of the mean number of alleles and 0.561 of the average observed heterozygosity. The value of pair- wise differentiation coefficient（ FST ） was only 13. 1% between Daiqu and Min -Yue stocks, demonstrating the low level of differentiation and a close relationship. However, STRUCTURE simulations and phylogenetic tree based on the UPGMA method supported that they are geographically different populations of the same species with distinct genetic structures. Examinations of individual admixture showed that Min - Yue stock had been contaminated by alien individuals. Moreover, the genetic structures of the two hybrid groups resembled those of their parents, especially affected more by their female parents. Finally, the values of average observed heterozygosity between parents and their ascendants were compared and tested, as a result of no detectable differences （P 〉 0. 05）.     

凡纳滨对虾4个选育群体遗传多样性的SSR分析

采用9对微卫星引物分析了凡纳滨对虾4个选育群体(Molokai、OI、SIS和Kona Bay)的遗传多样性。结果表明:9对微卫星引物共检测到32个等位基因,每个位点等位基因数2～7个,平均3.555 6个,平均有效等位基因数2.472 7;各位点的观测杂合度(Ho)0.026 0～0.623 4,期望杂合度(He)0.263 1～0.785 5;各群体平均观测杂合度从小到大依次为SIS(0.383 3)遗传分化。群体间遗传相似性系数、遗传距离及UPGMA聚类分析表明,OI与Kona Bay群体亲缘关系最近,其次是Molokai与Kona Bay群体,而SIS与Molokai群体亲缘关系最远。     

Characterization of defensin gene from abalone Haliotis discus hannai and its deduced protein

Defensin is one of preserved ancient host defensive materials formed in biological evolution. As a regulator and effector molecule, it is very important in animals' acquired immune system. This paper reports the defensin gene from the mixed liver and kidney cDNA library of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Sequence analysis shows that the gene sequence of full-length cDNA encodes 42 mature peptides (including six Cys), molecular weight of 4 323 Da, and pI of 8.02. Amino acid sequence homology analysis shows that the peptides are highly similar (70% in common) to other insects defensin. Because of a typical insect-defensin structural character of mature peptide in the secondary structure, the polypeptide named Haliotis discus defensin (hd-def), a novel of antimicrobial peptides, belongs to insects defensin subfamily. The RT-PCR result of Haliotis discus defensin shows that the gene can be expressed only in the hepatopancreas by Gram-negative and positive bacteria stimulation, which is ascribed to inducible expression. Therefore, it is revealed that the Haliotis discus defensin gene expression was related to the antibacterial infection of Haliotis discus hannai Ino.     

Genetic diversity analysis with ISSR PCR on green algae <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chlorella vulgaris</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chlorella pyrenoidosa</Emphasis>

In the present study, genetic polymorphism and diversity in unicellular clones of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck and Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick were studied with Inter Simple Sequence Repeats PCR （ISSR PCR）. Samples including four clones of C. vulgaris and three clones of C. pyrenoidosa were purified by single-clone-choice method. For four C. vulgaris unicellular clones, the total number of the bands scored for 18 primers was 298; and the number of the polymorphic bands was 118, of which 39.6% were polymorphic. The size of PCR products ranged from 200 to 2 500 bp. The total number of bands scored for 18 primers, the number of polymorphic bands and the percentage of three C. pyrenoidosa unicellular clones was 194.83 and 30.8%, respectively. POPGENE analysis show that the average Nei genetic diversity （h^＊） and Shannon index of diversity （I^＊） in the four C. vulgaris unicellular clones was 0.2181 and 0.3208, respectively, which is slightly higher than those of the three C. pyrenoidosa unicellular clones （0.190 3 and 0.274 8）, which agreed with the percentage of polymorphic bands in the mixed samples of the two species. The results suggest that ISSR is a useful method to Chlorella for intra-species genetic analysis.     

黑脊倒刺鲤线粒体DNA多样性分析

黑脊倒刺喜巴（Spinibarbus caldwelli）是分布于中国南方各水系,具有重要经济价值鱼类。文中对来自赣江、九龙江、漓江等3水系的瑞金、长泰、桂林等3个黑脊倒刺喜巴种群共61个样品的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因（mtDNA cyt b）进行PCR扩增和测序。对序列进行分析。结果发现,在全长（1141bp）cyt b共检测到45个变异位点,61个样品分属16个单倍型,与其它鲤科鱼类比较,黑脊倒刺钯的遗传多样性水平比较低。分子方差分析（AMOVA）及系统发育分析显示,瑞金和长求种群没有显著遗传差异,而它们与桂林种群存在显著遗传分化,提示黑脊倒刺啻巴可能存在多个地理种群。     

褐菖鲉同工酶的组织特异性及群体遗传结构

用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板不连续凝胶电泳法对湛江海域褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)心、肝、肾、性腺、肌肉、鳃、眼、脑等8种组织的12种同工酶(ADH、a-AMY、CAT、EST、GDH、LDH、MDH、ME、POD、PPO、SDH、SOD)进行分析。结果表明,12种同工酶均有明显的组织特异性。经筛选,对肝脏和眼的8种同工酶(ADH、EST、LDH、MDH、ME、POD、SDH、SOD)进行群体遗传结构分析,共记录了18个基因位点,其中呈多态性的基因位点有5个(Adh-1、Est-2、m-Pod-1、s-Pod-1、s-Sod-1),多态位点比例(P)为27.78%,平均有效等位基因数(Ae)为1.238 8,平均观测杂合度(Ho)值为0.1401。