孔隙可调的编织石墨烯过滤膜的制备及其在盐湖卤水离子分离领域的应用

我国盐湖数量多、分布广、资源丰富。如何有效地从盐湖卤水中提取资源元素,对国民经济具有重要意义。然而目前的过滤膜仍然具有稳定性差、耐腐蚀性差、高离子截留率与高水通量不可兼得等短板,因此亟需寻找一种力学性能优异,过滤性好的新型膜材料;二维材料因其具有低能耗、高效率等特点,在筛选分离领域展现了巨大优势。通过将碳纳米管编织进过滤膜、化学修饰编织石墨烯带边缘、或纳米压痕技术处理编织过滤膜等方法可以调控过滤孔尺寸以实现离子筛分,这种编织过滤膜在保障孔隙率的同时,膜强度相比传统商业渗透膜提升至少两个数量级,因此该研究为利用纳米编织技术设计高通量高强度的过滤膜提供了新思路,并总结分析了基于编织石墨烯过滤膜用于盐湖卤水离子分离性能的研究情况。     

Advances in studies on concrete durability and countermeasures against freezing-thawing effects

This paper is a meta-analysis of recent domestic and foreign research on freezing-thawing effects on concrete durability. The main theories on the mechanisms of freeze-thaw damage to concrete are introduced： the hydrostatic pressure theory, the osmotic pressure theory, the critical water saturation degree theory, the dual mechanism theory, and the micro-ice-crystal lens model theory. The influence laws of freezing-thawing on the mechanical properties of concrete are summarized, and countermeasures to improve concrete durability in freezing-thawing circumstances are presented. This work provides valuable references for future engineering constructions in cold regions.     

XX盆地低渗储层束缚水饱和度计算方法研究

束缚水饱和度的大小是划分油气层与水层的重要依据之一.在岩石物理实验的基础上,分析影响束缚水饱和度大小的各种因素,利用彼此之间的关系求取束缚水饱和度的大小.以XX盆地低渗储层为例,分析低渗储层束缚水饱和度的特点,建立了束缚水饱和度与孔隙度、渗透率、气柱高度等的模型,应用到实际资料中,检验各种模型的适用性与准确性,取得了较好的效果.     

沉积物孔隙毛细管压力与甲烷水合物饱和度关系研究

To better understand the relationship between the pore capillary pressure and hydrate saturation in sediments, a new method was proposed. First, the phase equilibria of methane hydrate in fine-grained silica sands were measured. As to the equilibrium data, the pore capillary pressure and saturation of methane hydrate were calculated. The results showed that the phase equilibria of methane hydrates in fine-grained silica sands changed due to the depressed activity of pore water caused by the surface group and negatively charged characteristic of silica particles as well as the capillary pressure in small pores together. The capillary pressure increased with the increase of methane hydrate saturation due to the decrease of the available pore space. However, the capillary-saturation relationship could not yet be described quantitatively because of the stochastic habit of hydrate growth.     

琼东南盆地深水区断层垂向输导及成藏模式

In the Qiongdongnan Basin, faults are well developed.Based on the drilling results, the traps controlled two or more faults are oil-rich. However, when only one fault cut through the sand body, there is no sign for hy-drocarbon accumulation in the sandstone. In terms of this phenomenon, the principle of reservoir-forming controlled by fault terrace is proposed, i.e., when the single fault activates, because of the incompressibility of pore water, the resistance of pore and the direction of buoyancy, it is impossible for hydrocarbon to ac-cumulate in sandstone. But when there are two or more faults, one of the faults acts as the spillway so the hydrocarbon could fill in the pore of sandstone through other faults. In total five gas bearing structures and four failure traps are considered, as examples to demonstrate our findings. According to this theory, it is well-advised that south steep slope zone of Baodao-Changchang Depression, south gentle slope zone of Lingshui Depression, north steep slope zone of Lingshui Depression, and north steep slope zone of Baodao Depression are the most favorable step-fault zones, which are the main exploration direction in next stage.     

胶州湾及城市过城河生态治理研究

针对胶州湾及青岛市区入胶州湾过城河污染及生态治理现状,在对胶州湾及市区入湾过城河的生态环境整治与区域经济发展状况详细调研、生态环境状况实地考察的基础上,根据国际国内对生态环境治理所取得的成效,提出关于胶州湾及城市河道生态规划治理的方法与对策。     

局长当“兵”下基层

10月30日,秋雨霏霏,北风阵阵,寒气袭人。一大早,扶沟县国土资源局局长冯存志就披上雨衣,骑着自行车来到汴岗国土资源所,开始了他一天的＂兵＂生活。 在党的群众路线教育实践活动中,冯存志给自己定了一条雷打不动的规矩,坚持每月下基层一次,过一天实实在在的＂兵＂生活,亲身体验基层工作的辛劳,近距离接触群众,了解民情民意,掌握第一手资料,切实给群众排忧解难。     

页岩油评价的关键参数及求取方法研究

随着非常规油气勘探的进一步深入,页岩油气逐渐成为现今勘探研究的热点和难点。目前国内针对页岩油的勘探开发没有成功的案例可循,实际工作中一直沿用了国外页岩气的勘探及评价思路。通过研究指出,页岩油自身的特点决定了其勘探不能照搬国外的页岩气评价思路,将研究重点仅仅停留在有机碳含量上无法满足勘探需要,页岩油勘探的核心问题在于地层已生成的游离烃含量的评价。利用胜利油区第一口页岩密闭取芯井分析化验资料为基础,系统研究了孔隙度与单位含油体积以及含水体积之间的关系,发现了烃源岩中孔隙性越好,含油性越好的特点。利用孔隙度、含油饱和度等岩心分析数据推导出了反映泥质页岩游离烃含量的评价模型,并构建了基于实测的深侧向电阻率、孔隙度、有机质成熟度等参数的求取模型。利用页岩地层游离烃中有机碳含量和总有机碳含量对比可以直观反映地层中游离烃含量的垂向变化规律,指示页岩层段的有利油气区段。以胜利油田沾化凹陷罗家地区罗69井实验分析资料为例,对模型的参数求取及效果分析进行了阐述,构建的地层有机质成熟度模型及游离烃中有机碳含量均精度较高,在此基础上,通过游离烃有机碳含量绝对值、以及游离烃中有机碳含量与地层有机碳含量的比值实现了对页岩油地层可动油气富集带的指示,可动油气相对富集的层段即为页岩油地层的勘探目标。该思路可为目前的陆相页岩油勘探提供借鉴和参考。     

扬子地块西缘天全新元古代过铝质花岗岩类成因机制及其构造动力学背景

四川西部天全地区花岗岩属于扬子地块西缘岩浆岩带,是"康滇地轴"北段的重要组成部分。岩石形成年龄为851±15Ma(MSWD=0.7),属于新元古代花岗岩,与扬子地块西缘和北缘大量的中酸性侵入体和火山岩具有相近的形成年龄。火夹沟花岗闪长岩为过铝质、低Si O2、具有相对亏损的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学组成,结合岩石低的Al2O3/Ti O2和高的Ca O/Na2O比值,其应是在镁铁质岩浆底侵的条件下,成熟度较低的杂砂岩部分熔融形成的过铝质熔体,岩石较低的Si O2含量表明其同化了部分镁铁质熔体。而角脚坪花岗岩具有高的Si O2含量,为过铝质、富Na的熔体,而且具有极度亏损的Sr-Nd同位素组成,表明其应是亏损的玄武质岩石(洋壳或是与地幔柱有关的玄武岩)在H2O饱和条件下发生低程度部分熔融形成的过铝质熔体。结合扬子西缘其它新元古代火成岩的地球化学特征及区域构造资料,我们认为天全地区的Na质花岗闪长岩-花岗岩组合代表在高地温梯度条件下,玄武质岩石在H2O饱和条件下发生部分熔融形成的过铝质花岗岩。     

非均质孔隙介质中两相流的光透法应用研究

地下水中非水相液体(Non-aqueous Phase Liquid,NAPL)的流动及其曝气修复技术是典型的两相流问题。基于实际地下水含水介质的普遍非均质性,本文应用光透法对非均质孔隙介质中两相流进行了定量试验研究,设计了两组砂箱实验,研究气体和重非水相液体(DNAPL)在非均质孔隙介质中的迁移规律,应用了水/气两相和水/NAPL两相饱和度计算模型。实验结果表明:气体主要由不规则通道向上运动,遇到低渗透性透镜体时在其下方堆积,并开始横向运动,绕过透镜体后继续向上运动,最终在砂箱顶部形成连续气体分布,注气速度越大,气体运移范围越宽;DNAPL在自身重力作用下克服毛管压力向下迁移至低渗透性透镜体,DNAPL无法克服该介质的毛管压力,停止垂向入渗,并在其表面堆积,开始横向运移,绕过透镜体后继续向下运动,最终在砂箱底部形成连续DNAPL污染池。均质介质中建立的计算流体饱和度的水/气模型及水/NAPL模型与实验结果较吻合,可用于非均质多孔介质中水/气相和水/NAPL相饱和度的计算。