世界海洋划界的经典著作——荐《世界海洋政治边界》(中译本)

<正>《联合国海洋法公约》的生效,尤其是专属经济区概念的引入,使沿海国的海洋管辖范围扩大,全球约30%的海洋被划入沿海国管辖海域。沿海国的海洋扩张产生了"新的"潜在的海上政治边界。海洋划界问题涉及国家之间重大海洋权益的划分,沿海国单方面划定的管辖海域边界之间存在着不同程度的重叠,海洋划界无疑是一个非常敏感而复杂的世界性难题。我国与邻国之间存在的海洋划     

中国南海区1992-2012年的中尺度涡旋演化过程表达与统计分析

Automated identification and tracking of mesoscale ocean eddies has recently become one research hotspot in physical oceanography. Several methods have been developed and applied to survey the general kinetic and geometric characteristics of the ocean eddies in the South China Sea（SCS）. However, very few studies attempt to examine eddies＇ internal evolution processes. In this study, we reported a hybrid method to trace eddies＇ propagation in the SCS based on their internal structures, which are characterized by eddy centers, footprint borders, and composite borders. Eddy identification and tracking results were represented by a GIS-based spatiotemporal model. Information on instant states, dynamic evolution processes, and events of disappearance, reappearance, split, and mergence is stored in a GIS database. Results were validated by comparing against the ten Dongsha Cyclonic Eddies（DCEs） and the three long-lived anticyclonic eddies（ACEs） in the northern SCS, which were reported in previous literature. Our study confirmed the development of these eddies. Furthermore, we found more DCE-like and ACE-like eddies in these areas from 2005 to 2012 in our database. Spatial distribution analysis of disappearing, reappearing, splitting, and merging activities shows that eddies in the SCS tend to cluster to the northwest of Luzon Island, southwest of Luzon Strait, and around the marginal sea of Vietnam. Kuroshio intrusions and the complex sea floor topography in these areas are the possible factors that lead to these spatial clusters.     

中朝-扬子板块碰撞结合带东部边界及海域延伸

总结了中朝-扬子板块碰撞结合带的边界划分的各类观点,分析了存在争议的原因以及研究的不足之处。通过对苏鲁造山带及黄海海区的重磁资料、周缘断裂特征、典型地震剖面等最新研究成果的收集整理,研究认为华北扬子板块的碰撞结合带应为苏鲁超高压变质带-千里岩隆起,结合带在陆地的北边界可能为五莲-青岛-牟平断裂;南边界为连云港-黄梅断裂;千里岩南缘断裂在印支期是一条千里岩超高压变质带折返的边界断裂,白垩纪以来反转为一条控制南黄海北部坳陷的大型边界断裂,并指出加强黄海海域重磁震资料的精细研究及海陆结合带的构造关系研究是进一步研究重点。     

Uplift of symmetrical anchor plates by using grid-fixed reinforced reinforcement in cohesionless soil

Uplift response of symmetrical anchor plates with and without grid fixed reinforced （GFR） reinforcement was evaluated in model tests and numerical simulations by Plaxis. Many variations of reinforcement layers were used to reinforce the sandy soil over symmetrical anchor plates. In the current research, different factors such as relative density of sand, embedment ratios, and various GFR parameters including size, number of layers, and the proximity of the layer to the symmetrical anchor plate were investigated in a scale model. The failure mechanism and the associated rupture surface were observed and evaluated. GFR, a tied up system made of fiber reinforcement polymer （FRP） strips and end balls, was connected to the geosynthetic material and anchored into the soil. Test results showed that using GFR reinforcement significantly improved the uplift capacity of anchor plates. It was found that the inclusion of one layer of GFR, which rested directly on the top of the anchor plate, was more effective in enhancing the anchor capacity itself than other methods. It was found that by including GFR the uplift response was improved by 29%. Multi layers of GFR proved more effective in enhancing the uplift capacity than a single GFR reinforcement. This is due to the additional anchorage provided by the GFR at each level of reinforcement. In general, the results show that the uplift capacity of symmetrical anchor plates in loose and dense sand can be significantly increased by the inclusion of GFR. It was also observed that the inclusion of GFR reduced the requirement for a large L/D ratio to achieve the required uplift capacity. The laboratory and numerical analysis results are found to be in agreement in terms of breakout factor and failure mechanism pattern.     

辐射雾局地爆发性增强原因探讨

利用常规气象资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、河北省高速公路专业气象自动监测资料以及天津市255 m气象铁塔梯度观测资料,对2010年12月21-22日发生在河北东北部沿海(以乐亭为代表站)和天津地区的一次历时短、局地性强的辐射雾爆发性增强原因及其边界层结构特征进行研究。结果表明,乐亭爆发性大雾的形成是由于低层暖湿气流受切变线的阻挡作用形成了弱水汽辐合,加上短波槽前弱冷空气和入夜后辐射降温共同影响所导致;副冷锋南下逼近天津境内时,渗透进低层的锋前弱冷空气是天津大雾爆发性发展的直接原因;同时,由于副冷锋南压过程中,锋后较强冷空气过境导致雾天气由北向南逐渐消散。雾过程中,始终维持着近地层湿冷、上层干暖的温湿结构。雾爆发性增强前,气温呈整体下降趋势的过程中存在小幅上升的现象,对局地浓雾的爆发有很好的指示意义。     

基于增强实景的地名地址普查系统研究

基于增强实景的地名地址普查移动终端的应用,在三维实景互动过程中,采用了增强实景(AR)技术,如图像实别、位置定位、目标识别与追踪等技术。根据跟踪和定位技术与标定技术共同完成对位置与方位的检测,并将数据传输给AR系统,实现被跟踪对象在真实世界里的坐标与虚拟世界中的坐标统一,达到虚拟物体与用户环境无缝结合的目标,从而实现实景与虚拟的信息实现连续地互动。     

3维数字地球快速缓冲区分析算法

提出一种应用在3维数字地球中的通过图形处理器(GPU)快速实现矢量数据缓冲区分析的算法。使用一张4通道的纹理图作为容器将地理实体的矢量数据传入GPU,利用GPU的高效并行特性,将目标缓冲区纹理中的每个像素所对应的矢量坐标与原实体进行距离量算,在一次渲染中得到缓冲区纹理,最后提取出缓冲区纹理的边界。选择中国的流域和湖泊矢量数据,将本文算法与两种传统的CPU算法进行了缓冲区分析计算、测试和对比。结果显示,本文算法相对于传统矢量算法效率提高了9—16倍,相对于传统栅格算法效率提高11—20倍。实验证明,该算法计算简单,效果明显,特别是随着数据量增大,缓冲区计算速度显著优于传统算法,并能有效解决传统矢量法缓冲区分析中的数据自相交问题。     

联合BEMD和WMM方法实现位场多尺度边界检测

利用不同尺度下的位场数据进行边界检测可获得相应的多尺度边界信息,其在区域地质构造单元划分、地质填图、矿产资源圈定和结晶基底研究等方面具有广泛应用。通过联合二维经验模态分解（bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition, BEMD）和小波模极大值（wavelet modulus maximum, WMM）方法实现位场数据多尺度分解及各尺度异常边界检测,首先,证明了BEMD方法能够实现对位场的多尺度分解,且分解各尺度异常具有实际地质含义;然后,对构建的模型重力异常进行边界检测,结果显示, WMM方法具有良好的抗噪声干扰能力,能够清晰、准确地检测出组合模型体的边界位置、走向及分布范围;最后,将该联合方法用于三峡地区布格重力异常的多尺度分解和各级固有模态函数的边界检测,结合径向对数功率谱曲线对分解各尺度异常进行场源深度估计,得到了三峡地区不同深度层位上的构造或岩体线性分布特征,并对各尺度异常边界检测结果与区域地质构造特征进行了比较分析和解释,验证了该方法的优越性和有效性。     

基于北斗地基增强系统的位置服务关键技术研究

利用省级北斗地基增强系统资源,结合自然资源行业生产的需求,基于时空信息技术开展“虚拟格网技术”和“大规模并发用户的位置服务响应技术”等关键技术研究,研发福建省北斗地基增强系统位置服务平台,集成了系统运行维护、公共服务、成果展示和数据共享等功能,提升了公共服务的水平和能力,满足了大规模实时位置服务的需求.      

俯冲边界成矿作用研究进展及若干问题

板块俯冲作用是板块运动的重要形式,其在板块边缘产生以弧盆体系为特征的地质构造单元及相关的成矿作用,如火山弧及相关的斑岩型铜矿床、弧后盆地及相关的火山岩赋存块状硫化物矿床等。板块俯冲边界形成的矿床多具有规模大、带状聚集分布,金属种类多样和易开采等特点,对全球铜、金、铁等资源储量贡献巨大。近些年来俯冲边界成矿作用取得了很多进展,如:基本建立了斑岩及浅成低温成矿模式和勘查模型;确认了古今VMS型成矿系统并建立相应的成矿模式;重新确立了一些与俯冲作用相关的新矿床类型等。但是,俯冲边界成矿作用仍然存在较多的科学问题,如:斑岩铜矿的成矿机制,特别是成矿背景、成矿岩浆作用的特点、金属来源和萃取机理等方面争议较大;不同俯冲边界(如环太平洋安第斯、西南太平洋、北美西部、中国东部等成矿带)成矿差异性机制以及古弧盆体系后期改造的过程与影响等。这些尚未解决的科学问题正引领着俯冲边界成矿作用研究的前沿。