泥化膨胀岩体中巷道开挖试验的研究

介绍了在梅山铁矿地压控制研究中，为提高在泥化膨胀岩体中进行巷道开挖与支护的技术水平所做的试验研究工作，内容包括：围岩地质力学特征识别，岩体工程分类与支护设计，巷道开挖与稳定监测。成功开挖的实践为类似岩体中巷道的施工提供了可借鉴的经验。     

地下工程中圆截面巷道应力的光粘弹性研究

利用光粘弹性实验方法模拟了地下工程中圆截面巷道围岩及冻结壁的蠕变过程，给出了巷道围岩和冻结壁的应力分布规律及随时间的变化规律，为地下工程的设计及预报提供了一种有效的实验手段。     

卸荷诱发巷道模型岩爆的发生机理实验研究

以“巷道-围岩”系统为研究对象,以水平应力卸荷操作模拟工程现场的巷道周边矿岩开挖卸荷作用,再现了巷道卸荷岩爆。实验结果指出,巷道卸荷岩爆经历了“平静期→小颗粒弹射→片状剥离→片状剥落”的演化过程,在巷道内壁产生“岩爆→应力调整→应力调整失败→再次岩爆”的多次岩爆过程,最终形成“V”字型岩爆坑。卸荷条件下,不同水平应力的巷道模型岩爆将产生不同的破坏,形成了不同的破裂面。理论推导得出卸荷前巷道围岩的应力分布规律,运用修正Griffith破坏准则,计算了不同水平应力（8.9MPa、13.3MPa、17.8MPa）卸荷后巷道围岩发生岩爆破坏的竖向起裂应力,构建了巷道边壁“V”字型岩爆坑的计算模型。研究得出水平应力存在一个影响竖向承载能力的应力点（13.3MPa）,当水平应力小于13.3MPa时,水平应力与竖向起裂应力呈正相关;当水平应力大于13.3MPa时,水平应力与竖向起裂应力呈负相关。对左右边壁应变能累积区域的信息进行量化处理,得出相较8.9MPa和17.8MPa,水平应力为13.3MPa的左右边帮应变能集中区域的累积能量最大,集中区域与边壁的距离最短。     

CASS在平度市鑫汇金矿勘测中的应用

CASS在测量中得到广泛应用,特别是CASS配合Autolisp语言,还可以编写一些常用小程序,使测量计算和作图过程得到大量简化。地质坑道测量在矿山测绘中占有重要地位,可以将CASS与全站仪配合,在测量坑道过程中,进行坑道平面图绘制,指导井下开矿,提高工作效率。还可以利用CASS计算坑道挖掘土方量,这样便于与施工方进行工程量结算及处理井下越界开采纠纷问题。     

潭头盆地低液限黏土的物理力学指标特征分析

潭头盆地赵庄村古采空巷道区为上世纪50年代私采、不规范开采遗留的产物。因古采空区对该村居民生活造成了较大影响,通过对该区域低液限黏土进行室内土工试验并对各项物理力学指标进行相关性分析,得出了低液限黏土的各项物理力学指标之间线性关系式,为潭头盆地总结低液限黏土经验公式总结提供了参考。     

履带式深海采矿车软底质行走性能分析

海底底质的物理力学参数不同于陆地土壤,其极低的抗剪强度和承压强度对深海采矿车的行走性能提出高要求。分析基于车辆地面力学理论,开展了底质土力学特性试验研究,建立了深海底质力学模型。根据深海重载作业采矿车样机结构参数,在大型动力学仿真软件Recurdyn中建立了仿真模型。通过直线行走多体动力学仿真与直线行走海试试验的对比,验证了仿真模型的准确性。在此基础上开展了采矿车样机在深海软底质上的多种行走工况动力学仿真,分析与评价其行走性能。结果表明,采矿车样机可以顺利完成转弯、爬坡、越障等基本功能。该研究成果可为深海采矿车海底行走性能评估提供理论参考,为深海采矿车和软底质的相互作用力学研究提供借鉴。     

The relationship between soft-bottom macrobenthic communities and environmental variables off Ningjin, eastern Shandong Peninsula

Macrobenthic infauna and associated environmental factors influencing the benthic community in the eastern coastal region of Shandong Peninsula were analyzed in four seasonal surveys from January 2007 to October 2007 (30 stations in winter, 20 stations in other three seasons), in order to understand the community structure and the factors unfluencing the benthic distribution. PRIMER 6.0 and SPSS 15.0 software packages were adopted to analyze the environmental and macrobenthic data. The results show that there were 260 macrobenthic species in total collected from the research region. The composition of species is:Polychaeta (94 species), Crustacea (75), Mollusca (56) and Echinoderm (12), among which, only 23 species were common species in the cruises of every season. The dominant species varied from season to season; however, the polychaete species Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel and Echinoderm species Amphioplus japonicus (Matsumoto) were always present year-round. The abundance and biomass of the macrobenthos in the research region were variable from season to season. The results of CLUSTER and MDS analysis show that the similarities of macrobenthic structures between the stations were low; most of the similarities were at about 30% of similarity value, only two stations were up to 70%. In accordance with the similarity values of the macrobenthic structures, we divided the 20 stations into five groups by arbitrary similarity level of 30%. The ABC curve indicates that the marcofauna communities in the research region had not been disturbed massively, except two stations, SB1 and SB3. Ecologically, benthos were controlled by a combination of factors such as salinity, phytoplankton, zooplankton, SiO₃-Si and temperature, and no single factor could be considered as an ecological master factor.     

皖南采用巷探与探采结合的效益分析

皖南多高山峻岭,绝大多数煤层赋存在山上,倾角45°左右。龙潭煤系一般含煤1～3最上的C煤层在绝大部分地区可采,平均厚度1m左右,最厚达2～3m。解放后,通过大量山地工程和近百万米钻探工程,对本区地质构造、煤系煤层已基本控制。已探明储量1.2亿吨,尚待勘查的储量约有1.3亿吨,它们大多分布在高山区,用钻探很难施工,有的根本上不去。据煤田二队资料,即使是条件较好的地点,1989年钻探每米成本已达120元。由于钻探手段本身的限制,所取得的地质资料有时又不能满足工业评价,因此,有必要将传统的以钻探为主的方法改为与地方联合巷探为主的方法,并采取有偿转让给煤炭生产用户或联营的办法搞活地质队。