基于深度学习的钨钼找矿靶区预测方法研究

随着矿产勘查工作由浅部矿向深部隐伏矿、由易识别矿向难识别矿发展,找矿难度日益增大,地质专家越来越重视新理论、新方法、新技术的应用。深度学习作为人工智能的前沿领域/技术,对于实现矿产资源预测“智能化预测评价”具有得天独厚的优势。本文以陕西省镇安县西部钨钼矿集区单元素化探异常原始数据为基础,提出了基于深度学习的钨钼矿产评价方法。该方法以归一化地球化学数据作为模型训练数据,通过深度学习中深度自编码网络方法实现异常值提取进而识别重点成矿有利地段,实现矿产资源找矿远景区定性预测。研究结果表明,在对957条单元素化探异常原始数据分类且做好模型标签后,整个过程在计算机的“黑盒子”中自动完成学习和预测,相较于传统预测研究方法,本文方法具有自动化程度高和客观性强的特征。此外,本文利用已知矿点构建训练数据集,采用随机森林方法对预测区进行矿产资源找矿靶区预测圈定,为进一步缩小找矿靶区范围提供科学依据。     

基于位置大数据的国庆假期青藏高原人群分布时空变化模式挖掘

人类活动是引起青藏高原生态环境发生改变的重要因素。很多学者对青藏高原史前人类活动和近几十年的人口分布格局与人口流动开展了大量研究,但有关人群时空分布的精细尺度研究相对缺乏。海量的位置大数据为认识高原人群短期的动态变化提供了新途径。本文利用手机定位数据、人口迁徙数据等高时空分辨率的位置大数据,通过时间序列分解方法和基于统计检验的异常判别方法,分析了2017年国庆期间青海与西藏的人群分布时空变化特征,并探讨了假期旅游行为及人口迁徙与变化特征之间的关系。研究结果显示：① 在省级和城市整体尺度上,定位请求量的假期变化在时间上呈现先降后升的“潮汐”变化模式;② 在精细网格尺度上,西宁和拉萨城市及周边地区的人群分布变化在空间上呈现中心跌、周边涨的“离心化”变化模式。国庆假期人们向城市周边热门景点移动聚集的旅游行为和城市之间的人口迁徙都是导致西宁和拉萨周边地区定位请求量上涨的重要潜在原因,而两座高原城市中心定位请求的下跌不仅与人口迁徙有关,还与假期人类日常行为及定位请求频次的变化等因素有关。通过位置大数据挖掘节庆假期人群分布的时空变化,不仅加深了对高原人口分布格局与流动变化的认识,也为高原城镇化与生态保护的精细化管理与决策提供支撑。     

基于长时间序列遥感数据的阿伯德尔国家公园 生态环境质量评价

阿伯德尔国家公园位于号称肯尼亚“水塔”的阿伯德尔山脉上,是肯尼亚重要的旅游景区和珍稀动植物保护区,开展该地生态环境质量评价对肯尼亚水资源保护与可持续发展具有重要的意义。本研究基于1987-2018年的Landsat系列遥感数据,通过计算综合遥感生态指数RSEI,结合趋势线分析法对阿伯德尔国家公园近32年间生态环境质量变化进行客观定量分析。研究结果显示：① 1987-2018年研究区RSEI均值从0.62下降到0.51,生态环境质量退化的区域面积为551.52 km ²,占总面积的71.85%,表明在气候变化和人类活动影响下,1987-2018年研究区的环境状况呈恶化趋势;②环境质量显著恶化的区域主要分布于亚高山植被区和东部低海拔森林覆盖区,亚高山地区植被生态系统结构单一,稳定性差,对气候变化和人类活动更为敏感;而东部区域存在过度开发,非法砍伐森林等现象,且旅游开发强度大,环境恶化与人类活动密切相关。     

勘查地球化学进展及其发展趋势

勘查地球化学是20世纪30年代末兴起的较年轻的地学分支学科之一,作为一种区域基础地质调查方法,与区域地质调查、航空物探等地质勘查方法一起,为我国及世界矿产资源勘查做出了巨大贡献。     

地球物理勘查在岩金找矿中的应用

地球物理勘探简称物探,包括重力、磁法、电法、地震、放射性和地温等六大类方法。由于金矿石中金的含量较低,导致它的存在并不改变矿石的物理性质,使金矿石与围岩之间不具有任何物性差异。因此,采用现有物探方法一般不能测得金矿体本身引起的异常,也可以说是不能直接找矿。随着金矿勘查的广泛开展,新类型金矿床不断突破,再加上物探方法技术本身的迅速发展,使金矿物探工作开拓了新的找矿途径。     

Methods Comparison for Microsatellite Marker Development： Different Isolation Methods, Different Yield Efficiency

Microsatellite markers have become one kind of the most important molecular tools used in various researches. A large number of microsatellite markers are required for the whole genome survey in the fields of molecular ecology, quantitative genetics and genomics. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to select several versatile, low-cost, efficient and time- and labor-saving methods to develop a large panel of microsatellite markers. In this study, we used Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) as the target species to compare the efficiency of the five methods derived from three strategies for microsatellite marker development. The results showed that the strategy of constructing small insert genomic DNA library resulted in poor efficiency, while the microsatellite-enriched strategy highly improved the isolation efficiency. Although the mining public database strategy is time- and cost-saving, it is difficult to obtain a large number of microsatellite markers, mainly due to the limited sequence data of non-model species deposited in public databases. Based on the results in this study, we recommend two methods, microsatellite-enriched library construction method and FIASCO-colony hybridization method, for large-scale microsatellite marker development. Both methods were derived from the mi-crosatellite-enriched strategy. The experimental results obtained from Zhikong scallop also provide the reference for microsatellite marker development in other species with large genomes.     

湖南地质找矿工具史（上）

[编者按]2009年3月27日,国土资源部颁发<关于印发开展地质找矿改革发展大讨论工作方案的通知>,决定集中半年时间,广泛深入地开展多层面、多领域的地质找矿改革发展大讨论.这是对日渐紧张以及某些稀有资源被大肆而无序地开采导致枯竭的一种拯救,也是对人类可持续发展的一种探索,同时,对构建地质找矿的新机制的形成也是有力的支持.     

Nonlinear numerical simulation on extreme-wave kinematics

A fully nonlinear numerical model based on a time-domain higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM) is founded to simulate the kinematics of extreme waves. In the model, the fully nonlinear free surface boundary conditions are satisfied and a semi-mixed Euler-Lagrange method is used to track free surface; a fourth-order Runga-Kutta technique is adopted to refresh the wave elevation and velocity potential on the free surface at each time step; an image Green function is used in the numerical wave tank so that the integrations on the lateral surfaces and bottom are excluded. The extreme waves are generated by the method of wave focusing. The physical experiments are carried out in a wave flume. On the horizontal velocity of the measured point, numerical solutions agree well with experimental results. The characteristics of the nonlinear extreme-wave kinematics and the velocity distribution are studied here.     

The mapping methods and division of tectonic units of the regional tectonic map in the eastern China seas and adjacent regions

The geological-geophysical map series of the eastern China seas and adjacent region (1:1 000 000) will be published in the late half year of 2009. The regional tectonic map is one of the main professional maps. The Mapping methods, the division method of geological tectonic units and the main geological tectonic units are mainly discussed. The strata from Pliocene to Holocene are peeled off so as to display the Pre-Pliocene structures. In basins, isopaches are drawn for the Cenozoic deposits. The plate tectonic theory and present tectonic pattern are adopted as the priorities in tectonic division. As to the division of intraplate tectonic units, it is a revision, complement and improvement of previous dividing systems, and the nomenclature for each tectonic unit follows the current system in China. The first-order tectonic unit is plate (Pacific Plate, Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate). The second-order tectonic unit is tectonic domain (East Asian continental tectonic domain,East Asian continental margin tectonic domain and west Pacific tectonic domain). The Philippine Sea Plate and the west part of the Pacific Plate are called the West Pacific tectonic domain. The part of the Eurasian Plate involved in this study area can be further divided into East Asian continental tectonic domain and East Asian continental margin tectonic domain. The East Asian continental margin domain is composed of the Ryukyu island arc, the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin and the back-arc basin of Sea of Japan. The East Asian continental tectonic domain in this study area is composed of the Sino-Korea Massif, the Changjiang River (Yangtze) Massif and South China Massif. In turn, these massifs consist of basins, folded belts or uplift zones. The basins,the folded belts or the uplift zones are further divided into uplifts and depressions made up of sags and swells.     

东海内陆架表层沉积物粒度及其净输运模式

根据对东海内陆架海底沉积物的粒度测试,运用Gao-Collins"粒度趋势分析"方法,探讨了东海内陆架海底表层沉积物的粒度分布特征和净输运趋势。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物可以分为两类:细颗粒(>5Φ)和粗颗粒(<5Φ);细颗粒分布于研究区的大部分区域,而粗颗粒主要分布在闽江、瓯江等入海河流口门以及马祖等海岛附近;表层沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态等粒度参数对应性较好,总体特征为粒径越粗,分选越差,偏态更正偏,而粒径越细,分选越好,偏态也较低;粒径趋势分析显示东海陆架表层沉积物的运移模式总体为NE—WS方向运移,而研究区边缘在运移过程中发生向左右两侧的偏移,南部闽江河口区沉积物由近岸向海方向辐射运移,研究区表层沉积物的净输运模式主要受控于流系和地形等多种因素。