海水冷藏二氧化碳的秘密

留存在深层海水中的二氧化碳可能会影响全球气候的变化。洞察海洋在过去气候变迁扮演的角色，有助于我们预测未来气候的变化以及对其带来的冲击做万全的准备。     

EFFECTS OF WATER TABLE AND NITROGEN ADDITION ON CO2 EMISSION FROM WETLAND SOIL

Soil respiration is a main dynamic process of carbon cycle in wetland. It is important to contribute to global climate changes. Water table and nutritious availability are significant impact factors to influence responses of CO₂ emission from wetland soil to climate changes. Twenty-four wetland soil monoliths at 4 water-table positions and in 3 nitrogen status have been incubated to measure rates of CO₂ emission from wetland soils in this study. Three static water-table controls and a fluctuant water-table control, with 3 nitrogen additions in every water-table control, were carried out. In no nitrogen addition treatment, high CO₂ emissions were found at a static low water table (I) and a fluctuant water table (IV), averaging 306.7mg/(m²·h) and 307.89mg/(m²·h), respectively, which were 51%–57% higher than that at static high water table (II and III). After nitrogen addition, however, highest CO₂ emission was found at II and lowest emission at III. The results suggested that nutritious availability of wetland soil might be important to influence the effect of water table on the CO₂ emission from the wetland soil. Nitrogen addition led to enhancing CO₂ emissions from wetland soil, while the highest emission was found in 1N treatments other than in 2N treatments. In 3 nutritious treatments, low CO₂ emissions at high water tables and high CO₂ emissions at low water tables were also observed when water table fluctuated. Our results suggested that both water table changes and nutritious imports would effect the CO₂ emission from wetland. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90211003) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KACX3-SW-332) Biography: YANG Ji-song (1978-), male, a native of Chengwu of Shandong Province, Ph.D. candidate, specialized in environmental ecology and wetland biogeochemistry. E-mail: yangjisong@neigae.ac.cn     

人类的盟友

听起来似乎有点不靠谱：在解决全球气候变化的问题上，人类并非孤立无援——我们可能有一位盟友。英国埃克塞特大学的个研究小组发现；硬骨鱼可排泄碳酸钙，这些碳酸钙溶解在上层海水中，可以中和海水中的二氧化碳，降低海水的酸度。鱼类排泄的碳酸钙的多少取决于其自身的太小和周围海水的温度，小鱼的排泄量比大鱼多，     

南大洋变暖引起了科学家们的关注

新的研究显示,南大洋比世界上任何其他海洋存储的热量都要多。这项由塔斯马尼亚南极气候与生态系统合作研究中心进行的研究发现:如果照目前的趋势继续下去,到2030年南大洋的二氧化碳水平会对某些贝类动物产生     

Impacts of Future NOx and CO Emissions on Regional Chemistry and Climate over Eastern China

A coupled chemical/dynamical model (SOCOL-SOlar Climate Ozone Links) is applied to study the impacts of future enhanced CO and NOx emissions over eastern China on regional chemistry and climate. The result shows that the increase of CO and NOx emissions has significant effects on regional chemistry, including NOx, CO, O₃, and OH concentrations. During winter, the CO concentration is uniformly increased in the northern hemisphere by about 10 ppbv. During summer, the increase of CO has a regional distribution. The change in O₃, concentrations near eastern China has both strong seasonal and spatial variations. During winter, the surface O₃, concentrations decrease by about 2 ppbv, while during summer they increase by about 2 ppbv in eastern China. The changes of CO, NOx, and O₃, induce important impacts on OH concentrations. The changes in chemistry, especially O₃, induce important effects on regional climate. The analysis suggests that during winter, the surface temperature decreases and air pressure increases in central-eastern China. The changes of temperature and pressure produce decreases in vertical velocity. We should mention that the model resolution is coarse, and the calculated concentrations are generally underestimated when they are compared to measured results. However, because this model is a coupled dynamical/chemical model, it can provide some useful insights regarding the climate impacts due to changes in air pollutant emissions.     

CO2 Flux Estimation by Different Regression Methods from an Alpine Meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

CO2 efflux was estimated using different regression methods in static chamber observation from an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The CO2 efflux showed a seasonal pattern, with the maximun flux occurring in the middle of July. The temperature sensitivity of CO2 efflux (Q10> was 3.9, which was at the high end of the range of global values. CO2 emissions calculated by linear and nonlinear regression were significantly different (p<0.05). Compared with the linear regression, CO2 emissions calculated by exponential regression and quadratic regression were 12.7% and 11.2% larger, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in temperature sensitivity values estimated by the three methods. In the entire growing season, the CO2 efflux estimated by linear regression may be underestimated by up to 25% compared to the real CO2 efflux. Consequently, great caution should be taken when using published flux data obtained by linear regression of static chamber observations to estimate the regional CO2 flux in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.     

Prediction Research of Climate Change Trends over North China in the Future 30 Years

A simulation of climate change trends over North China in the past 50 years and future 30 years was performed with the actual greenhouse gas concentration and IPCC SRES B2 scenario concentration by IAP/LASG GOALS 4.0 （Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land system coupled model）, developed by the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics （LASG）, Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP）, Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）. In order to validate the model, the modern climate during 1951-2000 was first simulated by the GOALS model with the actual greenhouse gas concentration, and the simulation results were compared with observed data. The simulation results basically reproduce the lower temperature from the 1960s to mid-1970s and the warming from the 1980s for the globe and Northern Hemisphere, and better the important cold （1950 1976） and warm （1977-2000） periods in the past 50 years over North China. The correlation coefficient is 0.34 between simulations and observations （significant at a more than 0.05 confidence level）. The range of winter temperature departures for North China is between those for the eastern and western China＇s Mainland. Meanwhile, the summer precipitation trend turning around the 1980s is also successfully simulated. The climate change trends in the future 30 years were simulated with the CO2 concentration under IPCC SRES-B2 emission scenario. The results show that, in the future 30 years, winter temperature will keep a warming trend in North China and increase by about 2.5~C relative to climate mean （1960-1990）. Meanwhile, summer precipitation will obviously increase in North China and decrease in South China, displaying a south-deficit-north-excessive pattern of precipitation.     

胶州湾水体中的二氧化碳体系

采用库仑滴定法测定了胶州湾海域４个航次的总二氧化碳,根据测定的总二氧化碳的数据计算了二氧化碳各分量的含量及二氧化碳分压,得到了胶州湾水体中二氧化碳体系的平面分布、垂直分布及周日变化规律,并对结果进行了初步探讨 。     

Research on fluid inclusions of the Yinshan polymetallic deposit, Jiangxi Province, China

In this paper some new advances in the study of fluid inclusions of the Yinshan deposit in Jiangxi Province,China,are presented.The fluid inclusions of the deposit can be divided into four types:1) gas-rich inclusions;2)liquid-rich inclusions;3)salt-saturated H2O inclusions;and 4)single-phase or multiphase CO2-rich inclusions.Homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions range from 100 to 520℃,aminly in the range 120-400℃.The daughter crystal-bearing multiphase inclusions present in quartz porphyries(including Nos.13 and 4 dikes)have been observed.In ore veins,some daughter crystal-bearing multiphase inclusions have been observed.too.On the basis of the results of fluid inclusion research,the authors suggest that the ore-forming fluid must have a close genetic relation to magmatic hydrothermal solution.The ore-forming fluid was dominantly originated from the depth and the mixing of magmatic solution with meteoric water was enhanced during ascending of the fluid,accompanying immiscibility and boiling of fluid.Teher may be a conceales igneous body at the depth of the Yinshan deposity,which furnishes the scientific basis for metallogenic prognosis at th depth of the Yinshan deposit.