Effects of the addition of complexants and bacteria on the soil-plant transfer at metal contaminated sites

Within a series of pot experiments with substrates sampled at heavily to moderately polluted sites of past metal mining activities, it was tried to influence the soil plant transfer of metals via addition of complexants, soil bacteria and perlite. Lettuce （lactuca sativa） was chosen as a universal accumulator plant. A wide range of concentrations in the samples ensures a rather general approach. The goal was to develop a strategy to enable plant growth at metal contaminated substrates for phytoremediation purposes. One contaminated mine tailing from Shiheung/Korea was treated with EDTA, NTA, citric acid, malic acid, NaCl, citrate＋NaCl, as well as compost, to provoke effects from chemical treatment. This should yield low molecular metal complexes in the soil solution and provide a carbon source to natural soil life. Other samples from Shiheung, from Okdong mine tailings, Okdong farmland, as well as from three contaminated sites from a medieval mine tailing at Oberzeiring/Styria/Austrias were treated with Cd- adapted soil bacteria, perlite, and soil bacteria and perlite, to impose of changes in microbial life directly. Fresh mine tailings are low in microbial life and plant- available nitrogen, whereas in the contaminated Austrian medieval samples, conditions have had time to adapt for more than 600 years. In the test substrates, supply with nutrient nitrogen was low, supply with nutrient phosphorus was low to adequate, and supply with potassium and sulfate was adequate. Effects of various additives on the plant yield mainly depend on the initial nutrient status. After harvest, the soils were parted in root soils and bulk soils to recognize possible differences. The lettuce plants were parted in leaves and roots. The solids were characterized by convential methods and aqua regia digestion, as well as by a Tessier-type sequential leaching procedure. The plant samples were digested with HNO3/HClO4. Basically, sample solutions were simultaneously read for 23 elements in ICP-OES in appropriate dilutions. Various treatments result in concentration shifts in root soil, bulk soil, plant roots and plant leaves. Interpretation is not easy, but physiologically active elements or contaminants are usually more involved.     

地电化学（泡塑）样品中金与锑的预处理

通过模拟实验获得附载金、锑的泡塑样品，并对其进行了硫脲解脱法、灰化法、硝酸加氧化剂消解法的比较实验，确定采用硫脲解脱法是地电化学(泡塑)样品金、锑的最佳解脱方法，通过正交实验及其结果分析确定了最佳实验条件。利用硫脲解脱一原子吸收光谱法对某隐伏金锑矿床82件地电化学(泡塑)样品进行了测试，分析结果显示出有明显的金、锑异常，指示了重要的勘探靶区。     

硅铝络合两性离子聚合物强抑制防塌钻井液体系在查干花地区的研究及应用

针对查干花地区不同地层存在缩径、掉块和垮塌等井壁稳定问题,研制了一种硅铝络合两性离子聚合物强抑制防塌钻井液体系。结合室内水敏性、配伍性、滚动回收率实验,对该体系中的AOS-1（硅铝络合抑制防塌剂）的作用进行室内实验研究,并在查干花地区6口井进行了现场的应用。试验结果表明,新型强抑制性钻井液体系与其他处理剂配伍性好,抑制性强,能有效防止井壁失稳。     

云南大坪金矿床矿化剂来源及其对金成矿的制约

本文基于对大坪金矿成矿流体中矿化剂来源、成矿时代和成矿流体形成演化过程中水－硫化剂－－金耦合作用关系的研究,探讨了大坪金矿床形成的可能机制。研究结果表明,大坪金矿的成矿时代约为５０Ｍａ,金成矿所需的矿化为自深部。大坪金矿床之所以形成在喜山早期,主要是通过喜山早期富矿化剂的深源流体上升,加入原在闪长岩体内循环的贫矿化剂本,从而使这种贫矿化剂的流体转化成富矿化剂进而能够浸取金的成矿流体来实现的。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料富集——ICP-MS测定化探样中微量金的方法

试样经王水分解,在10%的王水溶液介质中,加一定量的铁盐,用聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附富集金,1%硫脲溶液解脱,ICP-MS进行测定。实验结果表明,这种方法精密度高、准确度好,检出限低。其测定范围为0.028～500ng/g。     

DABS-Cl柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定对虾肌肉中18种游离氨基酸

建立一种以DABS-Cl为柱前衍生剂,利用反相高效液相色谱测定对虾肌肉中18种游离氨基酸的方法。结果表明,在50 min内18种氨基酸得到完全分离,各氨基酸相关系数均大于0.997,氨基酸的回收率在86.60%~107.27%之间(胱氨酸除外),方法的检出限为0.18~0.66 mg/L,相对标准偏差为3.53%~8.51%(天冬氨酸除外)。     

萃取—原子吸收法测定煤矸石中痕量铟

在H_2SO_4-KI介质中,以氯化三辛基·甲基铵(TOMA·Cl)为萃取剂,成功地分离富集了矿石中痕量铟并用原子吸收法进行测定。方法的灵敏度为0.2ppm/1％,回收率在99.0％以上。用于煤矸石等样品中铟的测定,结果满意。方法简便、快速、准确、易于推广。     

蒙脱石,高岭石与碱性驱替剂作用时矿物间的协同效应研究

在７５℃下系统地研究了蒙脱石、高岭石、以及蒙脱石和高岭石的复配矿物与７＃碱性驱替剂（ρＮａ２ＣＯ３＝１５ｇ·Ｌ－１）间的作用,采用分光光度法对反应后反应液中的硅铝元素质量密度进行了测定,并对两种矿物单独存在时的结果和共存时的进行了比较,结果表明因为蒙脱石在碱性驱替剂中容易析出硅元素,而高岭石在碱性驱替剂中容易析出铝元素,当二者共存时会相互抑制。并且,蒙脱石的存在会对高岭石析出铝元素产生很大的抑制作用,而高岭石的存在对蒙脱石析出硅元素的抑制作用较小,证明蒙脱石更容易与碱液反应而对整个反应起到控制作用。协同效应研究还表明,蒙脱石的作用与其质量不成比例,当加入很少的蒙脱石也会控制整个反应。这些研究对化学驱中化学剂损耗预测模型的建立具有重大的意义。     

复方有机疗效助长剂在日本对虾幼体培育出的应用

以复方有机疗效助长剂的不同剂量和不同投喂方式对日本对虾各期幼体培育进行三批的试验，分析了Ｑ．Ｓ．在日本对虾培育育中的应用效果。在水温２４－２９℃，盐度２２－２９下，无节幼体至仔虾经１５ｄ培育，试验组和对照组的存活率，平均体长分别是５２．９，１０．０５ｍｍ和３１．７％与８．８ｍｍ。