Photoinduced toxicity single and binary mixtures of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum

Diatom Skeletonema costatum Cleve is one of the main predominant phytoplankton species in the Changjiang Estuary in China. In order to provide some basic information for future assessment of the potential risk on phytoplankton communities in this estuary caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), this alga was selected as a representative to investigate the photoinduced toxicity of PAHs, in single and mixture. Four PAHs including three-ring phenanthrene and anthracene, four-ring fluoranthene and pyrene were tested in the laboratory. The single toxicity of each PAH on this microalga was compared with and without the simulated solar UV radiation. The results showed that this microalga was sensitive to PAH's photoinduced toxicity. Ratios of the 72 h median effect concentration obtained for fluorescent and UV light tests were about 8.4 for phenanthrene, 13.0 for anthracene, 6.5 for fluoranthene, and 5.7 for pyrene, indicating that UV light enhanced the PAH toxicity to this alga significantly. Under the fluorescent radiation (lacking UV), the dose-response curves based on chemical concentrations revealed that the order of toxic strength was fluoranthene greater than pyrene greater than anthracene greater than phenanthrene; while under the UV radiation (476 μW/cm2 for UVA, 6.5 μW/cm2 for UVB) it became fluoranthene approximately equaling anthracene greater than pyrene greater than phenanthrene, indicating that the UV light also changed its relative toxicity to this alga. The photoinduced toxicity of PAHs to the marine diatom S. costatum might be a synergistic effect of photosensitization reactions (e.g., generation of single-state oxygen) and photomodification (photooxidation and/or photolysis).The combined effects of six binary mixtures on the marine diatom S. costatum were investigated using the additive-index method. Four binary-mixtures (phenanthrene plus anthracene; phenanthrene plus pyrene; anthracene plus fluoranthene; anthracene plus pyrene) were found to be synergistic joint action mode, while two binary-mixtures (phenanthrene plus fluoranthene; fluoranthene plus pyrene) displayed antagonist, revealing a complex pattern of possible interactions. The combined action mode of PAHs might be related to various factors such as the mixture compounds, mixture ratios and test conditions, etc.     

对虾雄性交接器联合缘上小钩的研究

本文通过扫描电镜的观察,研究了对虾科中5个属10种虾的雄性交接器联合缘上的小钩,对小钩的形态特征及小钩的机能进行了分析和描述。研究表明,小钩的研究将为对虾形态分类工作提供新的参考依据。     

日本新潟大学教授藤田至则博士来我院讲学

日本新潟大学地质学教授、积雪地域灾害研究所所长藤田至则博士，应邀于6月9日至6月23日前来我院讲学。藤田教授在构造地质学方面，有较深造谐，从事教学工作多年，治学态度严谨，曾发表过许多论文和专著。这次来我院讲学，他从地壳运动以垂直运动为主的观点出发，用大量的实际资料阐述日本列岛、日本海沟及日本海的形成与时空演化进程。     

盐碱水NaCl浓度和碱度对银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)幼鱼毒性的初步研究

通过对银鲫(Carassiusauratusgibelio)幼鱼(L=3.56±0.28cm)的NaCl浓度(pH=8.80±0.10)及碱度(pH=8.84±0.26)的急性毒性试验，用概率单位法求得其24，48，96h的半致死浓度(LC50值)NaCl浓度分别为11.53、10.77、8.58g/L；碱度分别为98.74、79.49、64.19mmol/L。在此基础上采用水生毒理联合效应相加指数法进行了氯化钠与碳酸氢钠浓度的联合毒性实验(浓度=11)，结果在96h内二者的关系全部为协同作用,且其协同性逐渐减弱并趋向于相加作用。     

耿贝尔逻辑模型在极值风速和有效波高联合概率分布中的应用

首先介绍了耿贝尔逻辑模型，采用该模型对南海海域的涠州岛海洋站的风速和有效波高实测数据进行了分析，结果表明耿贝尔逻辑模型较好地描述了年极值风速和有效波高两随机变量的联合分布；采用得到的极值风浪联合概率分布推算了不同重现期的极值风速和波高，表明考虑风速和波高相关性对设计荷载的确定有显著影响。由于耿贝尔逻辑模型具有函数结构简单，参数估计方便，因此有望成为极值风速和波高联合分布的较理想概率模型。     

早--中侏罗世的太平洋微板块和冈瓦纳联合古陆

1　 8 0 1和 5 34站位的侏罗纪地层1 .1　 80 1站位的放射虫ODP80 1站位始钻于 ODP1 2 9航次期间 ,并且是太平洋中对侏罗纪洋壳进行采样的惟一位置 ( 1 8°3 8.5′ N、1 56°2 1 .6′ E,Pigafetta海盆 )。ODP1 85航次在 80 1 C孔钻入洋壳的深度为3 41 m。首先使用 HCL溶液分离出样品中的放射虫 ,然后用稀释的 HF( 1 %～ 3 % )除去碳酸盐组分。本文运用了放射虫个体组合带 ( UAZ)和 Baumgartner等 ( 1 995)的分类法。80 1 B孔的 1 2 9-80 1 B-3 7R-1 ( 0～ 6cm )和3 9R-1 ( 8～ 1 1 cm)样品中发现了保存中等至保存好的放射虫。1 2…     

南沙群岛西南陆架区条尾鲱鲤资源状况研究

根据2003年南沙群岛西南陆架区春秋两季调查资料,分析南沙群岛西南陆架区条尾鲱鲤的资源现状.结果表明,渔获率有明显的季节变动,秋季（1.76kg/h）高于春季（0.08kg/h）,春季密集分布于91～100m水深,秋季密集分布于71～80m水深.其群体组成也有季节差异,春季的平均体长、平均体重大于秋季,春季优势体长组为101～110mm,秋季优势体长组为91～100mm,渔获中不足1龄鱼占多数,其资源密度及现存资源量分别为12.02kg/km^2 和880.82t,现存资源量只有原始资源量的54.92%,该鱼种资源已接近衰退状态.文中并讨论合理利用该资源的措施.     

怀念中国浮游生物学的创建者──郑重教授(1911-1993)

MOURNINGPROFESSORZHENGZHONGWITHDEEPGRIEF郑重教授，字千里，著名的海洋生物学家、教育家，我国浮游生物学的创建者。1911年10月19日出生于苏州。1934年毕业于清华大学生物系，留校任助教。1936年考取清华水产学留美生，因抗日战争爆发，航线中断，1938年改赴英国留学。先在赫尔大学动物系主任、世界著名浮游生物学家人巴哈代（Hardy）教授指导下，从事北海浮游一生物生态研究，欧洲战争暴发后，他转学于剑桥大学、北威尔士大学。l942年又转入阿伯丁大学，1944年获哲学博士学位并留校任教。1946年任牛津大学研究助理。19…