中国西北地区大气边界层高度变化特征——基于探空资料与ERA-Interim再分析资料

利用中国西北地区2015年9月至2016年8月38个站点L波段探空观测、2016年7月加密探空观测和ERA-Interim边界层高度资料,对比分析了西北地区大气边界层高度变化特征。观测资料表明,在中国西北地区,08:00(北京时,下同)冬季边界层高度最高; 20:00春季边界层高度最高,边界层高度从西部到东部有显著降低的趋势。ERA-Interim资料基本能表现出边界层高度的区域分布,但相对于探空观测得到的边界层高度,除夏季20:00外,ERA-Interim再分析资料边界层高度均偏低。全年平均而言,08:00(20:00)偏低160 m(170 m),其中在08:00(20:00),冬季(春季)偏低最显著。08:00边界层高度与低层稳定度、近地层温度和风速相关更加显著; 20:00边界层高度与低层稳定度和相对湿度相关更加显著。2016年7月加密观测资料对比表明,ERA-Interim资料的对流(中性)边界层高度显著偏高;低层稳定度、相对湿度偏小,风速偏大可能是造成边界层高度偏高的原因; ERA-Interim资料的稳定边界层高度偏低,与低层稳定度和近地层温度偏低相关,但其影响因素相对更加复杂。     

中国西北地区东部盛夏降水特征及对初春地表感热异常的响应

选用1961-2015年中国西北地区74个气象站逐月地表感热通量计算资料,及其东部155个常规气象站夏季的月降水资料以及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,通过经验正交函数分解(EOF)、线性回归分析、奇异值分解(SVD)等数理统计分析方法,分析了西北地区东部盛夏(7-8月)降水的时空异常演变特征及其与西北地区初春(3-4月)地表感热异常的联系及成因。结果表明:(1)中国西北地区东部盛夏降水由东南向西北递减,总体呈年代际减少趋势,减少最明显的区域为宁夏北部、内蒙古中南部。其空间异常型主要表现为全区一致的增多(减少)和西北-东南向"-+-"变化。(2)当西北地区初春(3-4月)地表感热通量整体异常偏强(弱)时,盛夏(7-8月),在贝加尔湖以南、中国北方的上空出现高度场异常偏高(低),中国西北地区水汽辐散(辐合)加强,西北地区东部宁夏平原降水出现异常偏少(偏多);而陕西南部有水汽的辐合(辐散)加强,有(不)利于该地区降水的产生。     

Organic Carbon Isotopic Evolution during the Ediacaran-Cambrian Transition Interval in Eastern Guizhou, South China： Paleoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Implications

Secular variations of carbon isotopic composition of organic carbon can be used in the study of global environmental variation, the carbon cycle, stratigraphic delimitation, and biological evolution, etc. Organic carbon isotopic analysis of the Nangao and Zhalagou sections in eastern Guizhou reveals a negative excursion near the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary that correlates with a distinct carbonate carbon isotopic negative excursion at this boundary globally. Our results also demonstrate that several alternating positive and negative shifts occur in the Meishucunian, and an obvious negative anomaly appears at the boundary between the Meishucunian and Qiongzhusian. The isotope values are stable in the middle and lower parts but became more positive in the upper part of the Qiongzhusian. Evolution of organic carbon isotopes from the two sections in the deepwater facies can be well correlated with that of the carbonate carbon isotopes from the section in the shallow water facies. Integrated with other stratigraphic tools, we can precisely establish a lower Cambrian stratigraphic framework from shallow shelf to deep basin of the Yangtze Platform.     

Chronology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks in the Cretaceous Suifenhe Formation in Eastern Heilongjiang, China

Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical data of volcanic rocks in the Suifenhe Formation in eastern Heilongjiang Province are reported, and their petrogenesis is discussed in this paper. The Suifenhe Formation mainly consists of basalt, andesite, and dacite. Zircon from andesite and dacite are euhedral in shape and show typical oscillatory zoning with high Th/U ratios (0.18-0.57), implying its magmatic origin. Zircon U-Pb dating results by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) indicate that the 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from andesite range within 105-106 Ma, yielding a weighted mean age of 105.5±0.8 Ma (n=14), and that 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from dacite are between 90-96 Ma, yielding a weighted mean age of 93.2±1.3 Ma (n =13). The volcanic rocks from the Suifenhe Formation are subalkaline series and show a calc-alkaline evolutionary trend with SiO2 content of 47.69%-65.47%, MgO contents of 1.42%-6.80% (Mg#= 45-53), and Na2O/K2O ratios of 1.83-3.63. They are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light-rare-earth elements (LREE), depletion in heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and high field strength elements (HFSE) (e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti), and low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7041-0.7057) and positiveεNd(t) values (039-4.08), implying that they could be derived from a depleted magma source. Taken together, these results suggest that the primary magma of the volcanic rocks might originate from partial melting of the mantle wedge metasomatized by fluids derived from subducted slab under a tectonic setting of active continental margin.     

中国北方地区石炭纪岩相古地理

中国北方地区包括西北地区、华北地区和东北地区。该地区石炭系划分为上、下统,在西北地区、东北地区石炭系发育完整,华北地区普遍缺失下石炭统。87个标准剖面和529个辅助剖面的岩相古地理研究表明：早石炭世中国北方地区主要存在佳木斯古陆、额尔古纳古陆、中朝古陆、东塔里木─敦煌─中祁连─阿拉善古陆、陇西古陆、准噶尔─吐哈古陆、阿勒泰古陆等;从东至西主要发育松辽海盆、辽东海湾、北山海盆、祁连海、柴达木台地、宗务隆山海槽、塔里木台地、西昆仑海盆、南天山海盆、北天山─准噶尔海盆等海相沉积。晚石炭世海侵范围扩大,佳木斯古陆、额尔古纳古陆仍然存在,中朝古陆已明显缩小至其北部地区,东塔里木-敦煌-阿拉善古陆范围缩小,陇西古陆向西延伸扩大,北准噶尔─阿勒泰连为一体形成古陆;发育松辽海盆、华北海、祁连海、柴达木台地、宗务隆山海槽、塔里木海盆、南准噶尔-博格达山海盆等海相沉积。     

晚第四纪-全新世期间库拉泥火山的时空演化

泥质角砾相／流是识别泥火山的一个主要特征：角砾沉积的时间意味着泥火山的喷发历史,而角砾出现的规模表示了泥火山的强度。库拉泥火山位于地中海东部阿那克西曼德海山北缘水深1750m处,圆丘状。多波束及深拖旁侧声纳系统调查显示,库拉泥火山北向及峰顶具有比周围区域高的背向散射强度。     

地中海东部泥火山结构中烃类气体的来源迁移以及在水体中的行为

在被动大陆边缘的陆地和海底环境,常常可以发现泥火山结构的存在。泥火山的喷发主要由于沉积物深部形成的高压所诱发,而这种高压主要是由过度的气体和水体压力的积聚引起。这种情况下,气体、水体和沉积物被活化,沿着沉积物（通常是断裂）向上迁移,形成泥穹丘。     

世界各国（地区）围海造地发展现状及其对我国的借鉴意义

围海造地是人类开发利用海洋的重要方式,也是人类拓展生存空间及生产空间的重要手段.世界上大部分沿海国家或地区都有围海造地的历史,也因此积累了比较丰富的成功经验及失败教训.我国海岸线长、海湾多,改革开放以来,东部沿海地区一直是我国经济增长最活跃、工业化和城市化进程最快的区域.     

青海油田开建百亿立方米天然气工程

高原三月,位于柴达木盆地东部的台南气田呈现出一派繁忙景象。3月1日晚11时30分,由西部钻探青海钻井公司40667队承担的台4—17井顺利开钻,标志着青海油田100亿立方米天然气产能建设工程拉开帷幕。