High-resolution seismic tomography of the upper crust in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake and its seismotectonic implications

Both P- and S-wave arrivals were collected for imaging upper crustal structures in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake. High-resolution, three- dimensional P and S velocity models were constructed by travel-time tomography. Moreover, more than 3700 after- shocks of the Lushan earthquake were relocated via a grid search method. The P- and S-wave velocity images of the upper crust show largely similar characters, with high and low velocity anomalies, which mark the presence of sig- nificant lateral and vertical heterogeneity at the source region of the Lushan earthquake. The characteristics of the velocity anomalies also reflect the associated surface geo- logical tectonics in this region. The distributions of high velocity anomalies of both P- and S-waves to 18 km depth are consistent with the distributions of relocated after- shocks, suggesting that most of the ruptures were localized inside the high velocity region. In contrast, low P and S velocities were found in the surrounding regions without aftershocks, especially in the region to the northeast of the Lushan earthquake. For the relocated aftershocks of the Lushan earthquake from this study, we found that mostaftershocks were concentrated in a zone of about 40 km long and 20 km wide, and were located in the hanging wall of Dayi-Mingshan fault. The focal depths of aftershocks increase from the southeast to the northwest region in the direction perpendicular to the fault strike, suggesting that the fault ruptured at an approximate dip angle of 45°. The main depths of the aftershocks in the northwest of the main shock are significantly shallower than expected, revealing the different seismogenic conditions in the source region.     

Sediment fingerprinting in fluvial systems： review of tracers,sediment sources and mixing models

Suspended sediments in fluvial systems originate from a myriad of diffuse and point sources, with the relative contribution from each source varying over time and space. The process of sediment fingerprinting focuses on developing methods that enable discrete sediment sources to be identified from a composite sample of suspended material. This review identifies existing methodological steps for sediment fingerprinting including fluvial and source sampling, and critically compares biogeochemical and physical tracers used in fingerprinting studies. Implications of applying different mixing models to the same source data are explored using data from 41 catchments across Europe, Africa, Australia, Asia, and North and South America. The application of seven commonly used mixing models to two case studies from the US （North Fork Broad River watershed） and France （Bldone watershed） with local and global （genetic algorithm） optimization methods identified all outputs remained in the acceptable range of error defined by the original authors. We propose future sediment fingerprinting studies use models that combine the best explanatory parameters provided by the modified Collins （using correction factors） and Hughes （relying on iterations involving all data, and not only their mean values） models with optimization using genetic algorithms to best predict the relative contribution of sediment sources to fluvial systems.     

《中国介入影像与治疗学》杂志2013年征订启事

《中国介入影像与治疗学》杂志创刊于2004年,是由中国科学院主管,中国科学院声学研究所主办,中国工程院医药卫生工程学部协办的国家级学术期刊,主编为邹英华教授。刊号:ISSN1672-8475,CN11-5213/R。是中国精品科技期刊、中国科技论文统计源期刊(中国科技核心期刊)、中国科学引文数据库核心期刊、     

电性源时域地空电磁数据小波去噪方法研究

基于飞艇的时间域地空电磁探测系统,具有勘探深度大、效率高、空间分辨率高、飞行控制容易等优势.但在低空飞行测量过程中,飞艇飞行高度、航迹、姿态等受风向、大气气流、地形、地面局部温度场变化等影响而发生变化,导致固定在艇囊前端的接收线圈发生运动,切割大地磁场,产生了电磁噪声、运动噪声、基线漂移等,从而影响电磁数据的电阻率成像质量.因此,研究地空电磁信号中多种噪声的去除方法,对数据的反演解释非常重要.由于地空电磁信号中有效信号频带与部分噪声频带相重叠,使用传统滤波或消噪方法具有一定局限性.因此,本文提出一种综合小波去噪法:根据地空电磁信号的特点,采用sym8小波基;基于小波多分辨率分析原理,利用小波高尺度近似分量估计基线漂移,以校正电磁数据中的基线;基于小波阈值收缩原理,采用5层小波分解、极小极大阈值配合硬收缩函数的消噪方法,来压制数据中的其余噪声.最后,通过异常环模型的理论响应和实测数据进行算法的验证,结果表明这种综合消噪法对多种噪声均有很好的抑制作用,是一种实用有效的时间域地空电磁数据消噪方法.     

多波束测深系统在水库测量中的应用

在介绍多波束测深系统的组成及基本性能的基础上,讨论了影响多波束测深系统测量精度的主要因素;并针对水库测量的应用特性,分析了多波束测深系统在水库测量中的主要技术流程和处理方法,提出了不同产品应用的解决方案。     

接地源瞬变电磁短偏移深部探测技术

对于接地源时间域瞬变电磁法,当选取适当的激励波形后,可将辐射场与自有场分离开来, 实现频率域电磁法无法实现的近源深部勘探;水平分层大地的解析分析表明,随着偏移距的缩短,接地导线源的场对地层的反映变得更为灵敏;时间域瞬变电磁法的探测深度主要由观测时长决定.基于接地源近场测深的优越性,作者提出短偏移瞬变电磁探测技术并首次命名为SOTEM, 采用了1000 m的偏移距对埋深为1400 m的某盐矿溶腔进行探测, 在全期视电阻率-深度剖面上圈定的溶腔分布被钻孔所揭露, 验证了SOTEM方法的探测能力.该方法为大深度、高分辨探测地下矿产资源提供了新的技术手段.     

长江口—杭州湾及其邻近海域沉积动力环境及物源分析

长江口—杭州湾及其邻近海域的物质输运与生态环境受海域沉积动力特征和物质来源影响。本文利用长江口—杭州湾及其邻近海域沉积物的粒度、铂族元素、稀土元素等分析资料,采用Pejrup M等提出的三角图分类法对长江口—杭州湾及其邻近海域沉积动力环境进行详细分析,将研究区分为8个沉积环境分区:二个强动力河口现代沉积区,二个近岸水团交汇作用区,一个陆架水团锋面区,二个残留沉积区,一个冷涡旋的现代沉积区。对比分析了各沉积动力环境区的粒度特征及其水动力条件,揭示各种水动力条件下的沉积特征,以及各种沉积环境的物源输入特征,为长江、黄河与东海间的物质输运和交换等的研究提供基础资料,有助于我们进一步理解物源、搬运介质、沉积条件等因素对海岸—陆架沉积体系的影响,为河口沉积学和生物地球化学等方面研究提供有用信息。     

粮食补给地理研究的三个维度——评《北宋西北战区粮食补给地理》、《北宋粮食筹措与边防:以华北战区为例》

2006年,程龙《北宋西北战区粮食补给地理》(社会科学文献出版社,简称《西北战区》)出版,该书旨在探讨宋夏战争中北宋西北战区的粮食补给地理问题。时隔6年,作者再次推出《北宋粮食筹措与边防:以华北战区为例》(商务印书馆2012年版,简称《华北战区》)。作者将观察区域从西北转向华北,研究宋辽对峙期间的粮食补给地理。韩茂莉评价说"这是作者在历史军事地理研     

多源高空间分辨率遥感图像平差方法

多源高空间分辨率遥感图像的综合分析处理对地表测绘、灾害应急响应、军事侦察等领域具有重要意义,而如何获取较高精度的地面点坐标是多源遥感图像综合分析与应用所需解决的首要问题.为解决该问题,在有理多项式系数(rational polynomial coefficient,RPC)的理论框架下,构建了基于RPC的多源遥感图像平差模型,用于改正初始RPC模型的系统误差,以得到较高精度的定位结果.为验证本文提出的平差方法的正确性,采用IKONOS和GeoEye-1全色立体像对进行了联合平差试验.结果表明,基于RPC的多源遥感图像联合平差模型是正确的,对控制点依赖较少,定位精度较单源立体像对平差的定位精度高,具有较大的应用潜力.