数值产品集成叠加模型──内蒙古地区汛期短期预报工具

本文介绍了数值产品集成叠加模型的技术方法及检验效果。将验证选定的数值预报场与常规天气图预报经验相结合。在Ｓｕｎ工作站的Ｓｕｎｖｉｅｎ窗口环境下，用ＳｕｎＧＫＳ编制，包括图形叠加、分析与检测、综合判断、降水落区采集、最后给出内蒙古自治区汛期数值产品集成叠加模型的降水落区、强度分布预报图。     

压能场在暴雨分析中的应用

利用简化散度方程将压能场分布的非均匀性与散度场演化联系起来，初步揭示了暴雨和雨带活动与压能密集带相联系的物理机制。并可通过计算压能场的分布来诊断暴雨落区。     

钢缆投捞式一把抓打捞器的研制与应用

通过对传统的一把抓打捞器在打捞井下“落鱼”过程中存在的问题进行分析,研制出了一种能够高效打捞井底小件落物的钢缆投捞式一把抓打捞器,在现场应用中取得了良好的效果。介绍了钢缆投捞式一把抓打捞器的设计思路、结构原理、操作技术及现场应用效果等。     

仿生人工贻贝在筼筜湖海水石油烃污染监测上的应用

仿生人工贻贝（Ｓｅｍｉ－Ｐｅｒｍｅａｂｌｅ Ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ Ｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ）是近年来海洋污染监测中新技术,其制作简单,吊挂取样方便,在筼筜湖纳潮进水渠和排污出水口进行夏、冬应用实验,结果显示筼筜湖内石油烃污染仍然较严重,其每ｇ甘油三油酸酯中石油烃浓度夏季可达２．１～７．８ｍｇ。退潮排污出水口人工贻贝石油烃浓度为纳潮进水口的２倍,冬季人工贻贝石油烃浓度又为夏季的１．５倍。同时也说明仿生人工贻贝（ＳＰＭＤ）可克服天然贻贝因性别、生长期、健壮程度和海区条件引起的差异,应用前景良好。     

“98.6”广西特大强降水过程成因探讨及暴雨落区预报诊断

通过对“９８．６”广西特大强降雨过程的环流背景分析,得出在中高纬度二脊一槽和稳定的南海高压组成的大环流形势满足产生持续性大范围暴寸的基本条件,结合Ｔ１０６产品的物理场资料分析,找出暴雨落区的诊断判据,用动力相似方法作暴雨落区预报的试验,取得了较好的结果,为业务预报提供参考依据。     

河北黄骅近岸石油污染对海洋生物体内石油烃含量的影响

对河北黄骅沿海１９９５年２次调查所捕获的鱼、虾、贝类等１８种样品的测定结果表明,受测海洋生物均检出石油烃,双壳类生物体内石油烃含量高于甲壳类和鱼类,该海域海洋生物体内石油烃含量水平远低于国内外污染严重的水域。从分析结果看,该海域目前石油污染特点主要以慢性污梁为主。     

Effects of crude oil contamination on soil physical and chemical properties in Momoge wetland of China

Large oilfields are often coincidentally located in major river deltas and wetlands, and potentially damage the structure, function and ecosystem service values of wetlands during oil exploration. In the present study, the effects of crude oil contamination during oil exploration on soil physical and chemical properties were investigated in marshes of the Momoge National Nature Reserve in Jilin Province, China. The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the marsh soil near the oil wells are significantly higher than those in the adjacent control marsh. Soil water contents in oil-contaminated marshes are negatively correlated with soil temperature and are significantly lower than those in the control area, especially in fall. Crude oil contamination significantly increases the soil pH up to 8.0, and reduces available phosphorus concentrations in the soil. The concentrations of total organic carbon are significantly different among sampling sites. Therefore, crude oil contamination could potentially alkalinize marsh soils, adversely affect soil fertility and physical properties, and cause deterioration of the marshes in the Momoge National Nature Reserve. Phyto-remediation by planting Calamagrostis angustifolia has the potential to simultaneously restore and remediate the petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated wetlands. Crude oil contamination affects the soil physical and chemical properties, so developing an effective restoration program in the Momoge wetland is neccesary.     

综放工作面覆岩破坏规律的观测研究

综放覆岩破坏规律,特别是近松散层开采区的实测数据现在还很少。兖州杨村煤矿采用瞬变电磁法对同一工作面的岩柱厚度大于69m的深部开采区和岩柱厚度28~69m的浅部开采区分别进行了采后覆岩破坏两带高度探测,探测结果表明浅部裂缝带高度比深部降低17%~27%,冒落带高度变化不明显。      

电磁场作用下油水混合流流动特性研究

电磁分离是处理海洋船舶油污水的一种新方法。为了明晰海洋船舶油污水电磁分离过程,获得油水分离特性,本文采用二维数值模拟和欧拉多相流模型,研究了电磁场作用下油水混合流的流场分布及油相体积分数的变化规律和影响因素。研究结果表明：1）分离通道有效段内,向下的电磁力（洛伦兹力）使海水向下流动,电磁分离力使油珠向上运动;2）分离通道出口上部油相的体积分数随电流密度、磁场强度以及油珠直径的增大而增大,随油污海水入口流速的增大而减小。研究结果为油水混合流电磁分离装置的设计提供了有益的指导。