Variations of nutrient element contents of plants and soils in the process of karst rocky desertification

The present research on karst rocky desertification is mainly focused on qualitative analysis and obviously lack of quantitative and successive mechanism studies. Currently, classification of rocky desertification grades mainly depends on ratio of rocky coverage or ratio of plant and soil coverage. The process of rocky desertification was divided into latent, slight, medium and serious grades without mention of soil degradation. The Cha＇eryan catchment in the Huajiang Gorge of Guizhou Province was selected as the research area in this paper. Soil basic physical characteristics, nutrient element contents of soil and plant were studied in the process of rocky desertification. The karst soil characteristics elucidated that the clay content was high, the contents of soil organic matter, nutrient element （except potassium and sodium）, available contents of elements （except of potassium） were also high; ashes of plants were rich in calcium and nitrogen, and poor in iron, zinc, potassium and phosphorus. Meanwhile, the contents of plant ashes showed a significant positive relationship with calcium content of plant. There were no clear relations between soil degradation and succession of rocky desertification according to current classification standard. Soil particle size distribution, specific gravity, soil organic matter content, total and available nutrient element contents did not vary with the succession of rocky desertification.     

膜下滴灌对梨树生长发育、果实品质及营养元素含量的影响

为筛选出甘肃中西部沙漠边缘区梨树高效优质栽培适宜的灌溉模式,研究梨树抗旱生理机制,选用9年生"黄冠"梨树,以常规漫灌为对照（CK）,设计5种膜下滴灌处理（依灌溉时期和单次灌溉量,分为T1~T5）,测定并分析了叶片和一年生枝条生长情况、果实产量和品质以及不同器官中营养元素的含量,综合评价不同处理的效果。结果表明：与CK相比,灌溉处理下叶片面积和叶绿素a、b含量无明显变化,但叶片的物质积累、失水速率、水分饱和亏缺均存在显著差异。灌水量与枝梢长度、粗度显著负相关,T5处理更有利于枝梢的生长。不同处理对营养元素含量的影响明显,T3最有利于促进叶片营养元素的积累,T2处理下果实中营养元素积累显著提升,并且灌水量与叶片中P含量显著负相关。T3、T4和T5处理单株产量与CK无明显差异,但果实品质性状差异较大,T5处理可溶性固形物含量显著高于CK,且品质性状综合评判值最大,而T3处理果实品质表现较差。因此,根据树体枝叶生长、果实产量和品质综合表现,处理T5（冬灌1次、每年滴灌9次,生长季节灌水量5 670 m³·hm^-2,年灌水总量7 340 m³·hm^-2）为沙漠边缘区梨园适宜的节水灌溉模式。     

Geochemical evaluation of cultivated soil elements in Pucheng County of Fujian Province

Pucheng County in Fujian Province is an important production area of rice and barley. The soil environmental quality and the content of beneficial nutrients directly affect the yield of crops and the quality of products. Based on the 1:50,000 soil geochemical survey results in Pucheng County, the plant essential nutrient elements, heavy metal elements, and beneficial element Se in the study area were evaluated according to the relevant standards and norms, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of high-quality land in the study area, the planting of featured agricultural products and the construction of high-standard farmland. The evaluation results show that: Essential macro elements of organic matter,N and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen are generally in rich-moderate state; P is generally in moderate-deficient state, and rapid available phosphorus is in deficient-very deficient state. K and rapid available potassium is in abundant state. Essential moderate element S is generally in rich-moderate state. Essential trace elements Fe, B and Mn are in a state of great deficiency. Mo is generally in very rich-rich state, and Zn and Cl are also mainly in very rich-rich state. Beneficial element Se is in an appropriate state, and the soil area rich in selenium is 6.41 km². Overall, the heavy metal elements in the soil of Pucheng County have reached the first grade soil environmental quality standard and have the ecological conditions for the development of healthy agricultural products.     

洱海苦草(Vallisneria natans)水深分布和叶片C、N、P化学计量学对不同水深的响应

湖泊水深是影响沉水植物生长、繁殖与分布的重要环境因子,水深增加改变了水下光照、风浪和底泥特性等,因而可能导致沉水植物的生理生化指标发生相应变化.本研究通过对云南洱海沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)随水深分布的情况进行调查,并分析了定植于不同水深的苦草叶片碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)含量及其比率,以阐明水深变化对苦草叶片生态化学计量学的影响.结果表明洱海苦草定植的水深范围为0.5~5.6 m,在1.5~2.4 m处达到最大频度,在2.5~3.4 m处达到最大相对生物量,这表明苦草在洱海中的最适生长深度在1.5~3.4 m范围内;苦草叶片C、N和P含量平均值分别为356.10、26.13和3.54 mg/g,C:N、C:P和N:P的平均值分别为14.38、113.46和7.85;苦草叶片C含量、C:N和C:P均随水深增加而降低,N和P含量则随水深增加而升高,N:P在0.5~1.4 m较高,其余水深梯度之间则没有显著差异.总体上,苦草叶片C、N、P含量及其化学计量特征显著地受到了湖泊水深的影响.另外,本研究还发现水深的增加使得苦草叶片N、P含量发生聚敛,这导致其N、P之间的耦合性变弱.     

Research on Potential Fertilization of Coal Gangue in the Weibei Coalfield, China

Based on the systematic analysis of the coal gangue in Weibei Coalfield, such as petrologic characteristics, chemical composition, nutrient elements, deleterious elements, and the transformation, and compared with the soil element content background values of Loess Plateau and national harmful materials controlling standards, we conclude that the coal gangue in the Weibei Coalfield has huge potential to be used as clay fertilizer.     

叶绿素荧光检测技术在浮游植物营养盐限制研究中的应用

浮游植物是海洋中最主要的初级生产者,为海洋中其他生物提供最初营养和能量来源,但其生长经常受到N、P、Si、Fe等营养元素的限制。一般来说,营养盐限制是有时空变化的。因此,检测出何种营养盐为限制因子,对了解生态环境,进行水质监控具有重要意义。     

长江口内外表层沉积物中营养元素的分布特征研究

通过对长江口内外9个表层沉积物中不同形态碳、氮、磷含量的测定,得到了长江口内外表层沉积物中营养元素的分布特征,探讨了影响其分布的主要因素。长江口内外表层沉积物中的营养元素在河流段的分布波动较大,在口门附近海域分布较平缓。在三种营养元素中,IC、ON和IP分别为C、N、P的优势形态。在影响表层沉积物中营养元素分布的因素中,沉积物的粒度和上覆水体的盐度在其中起着重要的作用,同时还受到近岸排污和海洋生物生产的影响。