低应变反射波法在基桩检测中的应用实例及一些问题的探讨

根据应力波理论，介绍了用低应变反射波法在桩身完整性检测中的几个应用实例，并对检测中的一些问题作了探讨。     

Study of crustal structure with S—wave data from Maqen—Jingbian profile

2-D crustal velocity structure and vp/vs are obtained by processing and interpretation of S-wave data from Maqen-Jingbian deep seismic sounding(DSS)profile.The result shows that there exist obvious differences in 2-D S-wave velocity structure and vp/vs ratio structure along the profile.The S-wave velocities are low and vp/vs ration is high for the westem section of the profile and Haiyuan region,while they are normal for the middle and eastern sections.The changes in lithologic characters of two major anomalous zones are discussed according to lateral variation of S-wave velocity structure and vp/vs ratio structure.It is concluded that the development and occurrence of the Haiyuan strong earthquake is not only related to tectonic activities,but also to lithologic characters of the region.     

俄罗斯贝加尔湖-日本石卷地学断面西段地质-地球物理基本特征

对于贝加尔湖-石卷地学断面(BAMSIP)的西段俄罗斯贝加尔湖-中国满洲里断面城内的地质构造背景、地震剖面波类型和基本特征等研究发现：(1)断面域中贝加尔裂谷带地震波速度结构存在异常地幔带；结晶地壳物质成分基性程度较高；基底顶面和Moho界面未观察到明显的镜象关系；(2)西伯利亚南部的复杂相故基底由古生代和前寒武纪岩层所组构；区域构造由古褶皱系、中生代沉积盆地、裂谷带构成。     

变参考慢度Born近似傅氏偏移

针对常规Born近似傅氏偏移方法对于剧烈横向变速介质不能精确成像的状况而提出了变参考慢度Born近似傅氏偏移，理论上解决了任意速度变化地质模型的偏移成像问题。此外，为进一步提高复杂地层的成像精度和波场延拓算子的稳定性，对散射波场的计算公式作了改进。将改进的方法运用于盐丘模型的正演和偏移试验，并与常规Born近似偏移方法相比较，可明显看出变参考慢度Born近似傅氏偏移方法在效果上要优于后者，其处理速度横向变化的能力大大增强。     

云南的地壳S波速度与泊松比结构及其意义

利用远震三分量宽频数字记录获取了云南地区23个台站下方的体波接收函数, 以此反演得到云南地区的地壳S波速度结构与地壳泊松比的分布特征. 结果表明, 云南地区地壳厚度从北到南逐渐减小, 西北端的中甸地壳厚度可达62.0 km, 而最南端的景洪仅为30.2 km. 特别值得注意的是在楚雄地区存在一个近乎南北向走势的Moho面隆起区域, 在东川地区存在一个大概与之平行的Moho面凹陷. 另外, 云南地区地壳上地幔S波速度结构存在明显的横向不均匀性, 有的地区不但在上地壳10.0 ～ 15.0 km范围内存在低速层, 而且在下地壳30.0 ～ 40.0 km之间还存在低速层. 地壳泊松比整体偏高, 但与地壳的速度结构有较好的对应关系, 在这样一个高泊松比的背景上仍呈现出了明显的块体分布特征. 综合分析速度结构和泊松比分布, 发现在以小江断裂为东边界, 玉龙雪山断裂为西边界的"川滇菱形块体"上, 除了地震活动十分频繁外, 还具有高泊松比和复杂的壳幔速度结构特征. 这一特征与周边地区存在明显的差别, 这将为深入研究青藏高原岩石圈物质东向流动提供了地球物理学证据.     

L2载波的无码半无码接收技术简析

分析和总结了现有GPS接收机采用的L2无码半无码接收技术，模拟计算了各种技术中的平方损。     

塔里木西南缘下地壳低速层的成因：斜长角闪岩的纵波速度和衰减的限制

在1．0GPa，室温-1200℃条件下，测量了新疆库地地区斜长角闪岩的纵波速度(Vp)和品质因子(Q值)，得出在1．0GPa恒压下，Vp和Q值随温度和深度的变化关系。结果显示，Vp和Q值随温度的升高而下降，观察实验样品并结合Vp和Q值与熔体含量的关系，发现部分熔融是影响Vp和Q值变化的主要因素。依据实验结果，并结合区域上压力梯度和温度梯度资料计算了Vp和Q值随深度的变化。结果表明Vp和Q值先随深度的增加而缓慢增大，在32km左右开始突然减小，表明开始出现低速层。结合温度和熔体含量的关系得出，低速层的出现可能是部分熔融的结果。塔里木及周边地区的地震测深以及地震反演的结果也显示，在相同的温度和压力条件下，地壳内部32—44km的范围内存在低速层，同时高温高压的实验结果与阿拉木图地区的Vp值相当一致，可以推测塔里木西南缘下地壳的岩石成分中含有斜长角闪岩。     

频率-波数领域震波模型研究

虽然傅氏转换能够筒化波动方程式的解法，但在频率-波数领域中，求解波动方程式，计算震波模型，该方法不能适应传波介质之界面弯斜或传波速度横向变化。把界面视为一组不连续的绕射点，用各点反射系数作为讯号源强度，各绕射点分别在频率-波数领域中实施波场向上外插，再把各点外插波场相加，由此得到震波模型。利用相位转移函数，取代每一绕射点的傅氏转换，能节省大量电算时间。这种频率-波数领域震波模型法，比时间-空间领域法更容易处理复杂介质模型。用新的方法对几种典型之地质模型，包括断层、背斜、尖灭、多层簿地层岩相突变等进行了计算，所得震波特性相当合理，符合震波传播理论。实例表明，即使对于岩相突变，计算的震波模型与实际震波记录，亦相当吻合。频率-波数领域震波模型法，对于复杂界面和速度变化之地质模型，其数学处理上远比射线理论和克希霍夫积分方程来得可行且单纯。且比定差法和定元法显著节省网格点和容易处理边界条件。唯这种频率-波数领域绕射点法，随绕射点数之增加，其电算时间之增加幅度似乎较高。关键词震波模型傅氏转换波动方程式频率-波数领域波场外插相位转移函数     

岩体工程质量分级应用研究

岩体质量评价采用的测试技术包括地质勘察、弹性波检测和室内岩石力学试验。结合水布垭水利枢纽大坝建基岩体工程质量评价实例,对岩体工程质量分级的应用进行了研究。     

Theoretical Study on Stochastic Modeling of Combined Gravity-Magnetic-Electric-Seismic Inversion and Its Application

As gravity field,magnetic field,electric field and seismic wave field are all physical fields,their object function,reverse function and compound function are certainly infinite contiuously differentiable func-tions which can be expanded into Taylor (Fourier) series within domain of definition and be further reduced in-to solving stochastic distribution function of series and statistic inference of optimal approximation,This is the basis of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion built on the basis of separation of field and source gravity-magnetic difference-value(D-value)trend surface,taking distribution-independent fault sys-tem as its unit,depths of seismic and electric interfaces of interests as its corresponding bivariate compound re-verse function of gravity-magnetic anomalies and using high order polynomial(high order trigonometric func-tion)approximating to its series distribution,The difference from current dominant inversion techniques is that,first,it does not respectively create gravity-seismic,magnetic-seismic deterministic inversion model from theoretical model,but combines gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic stochastic inversion model from stochastic model;second,after the concept of equivalent geological body being introduced,using feature of independent variable of gravity-magnetic field functions,taking density and susceptibility related to gravity-magnetic func-tion as default parameters of model,the deterministic model is established owing to better solution to the con-tradictioc of difficulty in identifying strata and less test analytical data for density and susceptibility in newly explored area;third,under assumption of independent parent distribution,a real modeling by strata,the prob-lem of difficult plane closure arising in profile modeling is avoided,This technology has richer and more detailed fault and strata information than sparse pattern seismic data in newly explored area,successfully inverses and plots structural map of Indosinian discontinuty in Hefei basin with combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion,With development of high precision gravity-magnetic and overall geophysical technology,it is certain for introducing new methods of stochastic modeling and computational intelligence and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial path.