丽水探明20余万吨的铅锌多金属矿

《中国矿业报》报道，浙江省地勘局第七地质大队日前在浙江省龙泉市初步探明一个铅、锌、铜、银、金等多种矿产资源，远景储量达20余万吨。     

美国地质机关谈(国外印象记之一)

在美国参观不少地质机关,大别言之,不外三大类:一为地质调查所,一为大学的地质系,一为陈列馆或博物馆的地质部门。兹先分别言之:     

城市自然地理学的理论、实践和发展

在全球快速城市化背景下,城市成为经济高速发展、人类活动高度集中、人地相互作用最强烈的区域,人工环境下“第二自然格局”的形成以及剧烈的城市土地利用/覆被变化效应使得城市自然地理学在城市复杂系统的研究中具有重要的理论和应用价值。本文通过对城市自然地理学的缘起、学科发展的综合分析,从学科理论体系、研究内容以及前沿发展领域等方面进行了论述,以期丰富和深化城市自然地理学研究内容,并进一步推动城市自然地理学的研究和发展。未来,城市自然地理学的研究应从以下方面开展：①关注基础理论研究,深化学科理论体系;②发展多学科的交叉视角,深化城市地表系统多要素变化研究;③聚焦城市自然—人文复杂系统,揭示自然和人文多要素间耦合机理及驱动机制;④拓宽城市服务应用领域的研究,提供城市可持续发展的多目标决策。     

测井评价煤层气储层的方法探讨

根据煤层气储层实验室分析确定的体积模型（碳、灰分、挥发分、水分）,以测井曲线予以评价。其中以自然伽马测井确定湿灰分,该方法的前提条件是湿分主要是泥质且泥质不具放射性元素;以密度测井与人工伽马测井确定含碳量,并对密度测井作湿分校正;以灰分校正后的密度测井确定饱和水孔隙度;含气量的估算以声波测井和密度测井组成的复合参数ΔT/dDEN来确定,或以视电阻率曲线确定含气量。以某地区2个钻孔为例,讨论了煤层深度、压力等与水分、灰分、含气饱和度、含气量等参数的关系,认为含气量与深度成正比关系。     

华夏龙谱（47）——奇异帝龙

中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所的徐星和美国自然历史博物馆的马克·诺瑞尔（MarkA．Norell）等古生物学家2004年宣布一项重大的发现：在中国辽宁省北票市陆家屯的义县组地层,发掘出4具距今1．39亿年-1．28亿年的兽脚类恐龙骨骼化石。研究证明,它们是暴龙（也叫霸王龙）类（tyrannosaurs）早期的祖先类型,因此前发现的暴龙类一般都相当巨大,不少超过10m,而这些恐龙化石身长仅1．5m左右,故命名为奇异帝龙（Dilong paradoxus）,意思是令人惊奇的恐龙皇帝。     

青藏高原生态环境地质调查与填图技术方法研究

阐述了生态环境地质调查与填图的指导思想及主要内容后,提出了适宜于青藏高原牧业环境下的生态环境地质"自然综合体多属性叠加填图法"的新方法.即针对生态环境地质条件复杂区的调查要素,摒弃了以往单一方法,有机地协调气候、土壤、植被、景观与众多的地学要素,避免了不同学科对同一生态环境地质现象单打一的调查现象.具有一定的推广和应用前景.     

铅同位素在矿产资源评价中的应用——以甘肃省鹰嘴山金矿区为例

文章在铅同位素示踪的有关理论和隐伏矿预测方法的基础上,以甘肃省鹰嘴山金矿区为例,提出了利用铅同位素进行隐伏矿深度、形态与资源量预测的方法.在鹰嘴山金矿区共采样122个,分析结果显示:①地表铅同位素勘探线剖面的V1与V2值在矿体及其相邻蚀变带均出现了明显的负异常,并接近区域地壳平均值,且显示出一个明显的变化规律,即自东至西,矿体的V1与V2值存在着从高到低的规律变化.②V2平均值从122线的43.57(蚀变带上)到46线下降至35.67,标志着矿体的揭示深度从东到西存在着由浅至深的变化规律.从116线到90线,矿体V2平均值从40呈线性下降至36.62,表明116线以东进入隐伏区,90～116线达到矿体出露的中上部,而80线以西出露的矿脉已代表了矿体的下部,并趋向于尾部.③从46线向东到116线,地表可见矿体向下的延深变大,从200 m增大到1 049 m,说明矿体整体西高东低,向东侧伏(隐伏).④矿区总平均隐伏系数Rs为3.68,46线至116线,矿体的预测资源量为42.5 t,表明鹰嘴山金矿床应为大型-特大型金矿床.     

Pb Isotope Mapping in the Tongbai-Dabie Orogenic Belt, Central China

Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt in Central China is a part of the collisional belt between the Yangtze and North China cratons. It represents one of the most extensive ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） and high-pressure （HP） metamorphic rocks in the world. The Pb isotope mapping in this area is a significant method to constrain the crustal structure and tectonic evolution and to identify the tectonic boundaries within the vertical tectonic stack. Based on the Pb isotope compositions of the Dabie complex （DBC）, the Tongbai complex （TBC）, UHP and HP metamorphic rocks and associated foliated granites, the lower metamorphosed rocks from North Huaiyang （NHY） tectonic belt, and Cretaceous granites in the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt, we determined the Pb isotope geochemical map of the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt. The Pb isotope map shows that the Pb isotope compositions are similar within each geological body or lithotectonic unit, but the Pb isotope compositions of different lithotectonic units show systematic variations in the Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt. The NHY tectonic belt contrasts strongly with the Tongbai-Dabie UHP.HP metamorphic belt in Pb isotope compositions. It is suggested that the line along the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault, the north limit of the Tongbai-Dabie UHP and HP metamorphic rocks, represents an important tectonic boundary. Within the Tongbai-Dabie HP -UHP metamorphic belt, to the south of Xiaotian-Mozitan fault, the vertical variations of Pb isotope compositions in different lithotectonic units and the spatial relationship among different major lithotectonic units have been constrained.     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic Deposit, Yunnan Province, China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province, China, is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field. In addition to the 〉7000 t Ag reserves, the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb, Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements （In, Cd, Ge, Ga, etc.）. We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit. The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.758-18.537, 207pb/204pb = 15.175-15.862 and 206pb/204pb = 37.289-39.424, while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.264-18.359, 207pb/204pb = 14.843-15.683 and 208pb/204pb = 36.481-38.838, respectively. In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.224-18.700, 207pb/204pb -- 15.595-15.797 and 208pb/204pb -- 38.193-39.608. Then, in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.434-19.119, 207pb/204pb -- 15.644-15.693, and 208pb/204pb = 38.514-38.832. And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks, which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 18.307-19.206, 207pb/204pb = 15.622-15.809, and 208pb/204pb = 38.436-39.932. By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions, it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age, but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.