自然构造分离面与饰面板石材的自然块度

本文运用构造地质学中有关节理裂隙、层理和断层等构造面的概念,论述了饰面板石材矿床的地质研究与评价方法,并指出岩石的自然块度、自然块度分级及其计算方法是该项研究的重要内容。此外,该文还论述了矿床开采阶段中各种自然构造分离面的合理应用。     

从孢粉分析看河北省自然植被

根据孢粉分析资料论述距今五千年来河北省自然植被的基本特征。     

阿克苏河—塔里木河流域的自然条件及其在农业生产中的意义

本文把阿克苏河——塔里木河流域(简称阿——塔河流域)作为一个封闭系统,主要阐述流域的自然条件,并对自然条件在农业生产中的利弊进行了全面分析。指出在干旱地区农业开发中,必须统筹安排,全面规划,上中下游合理利用,重视保护脆弱的生态环境,才能取得经济效益、社会效益与生态效益的全面收获。     

Systems for Hazards Identification in High Mountain Areas： An Example from the Kullu District, Western Himalaya

Methods and techniques for the identification, monitoring and management of natural hazards in high mountain areas are enumerated and described. A case study from the western Himalayan Kullu District in Himachal Pradesh, India is used to illustrate some of the methods. Research on the general topic has been conducted over three decades and that in the Kullu District has been carried out since 1994. Early methods of hazards identification in high mountain areas involved intensive and lengthy fieldwork and mapping with primary reliance on interpretation of landforms, sediments and vegetation thought to be indicative of slope fail ures, rock falls, debris flows, floods and accelerated soil surface erosion. Augmented by the use of airphotos and ad hoc observations of specific events over time, these methods resulted in the gradual accumulation of information on hazardous sites and the beginnings of a chronology of occurrences in an area. The use of historical methods applied to written and photographic material, often held in archives and libraries, further improved the resolution of hazards information. In the past two decades, both the need for, and the ability to, accurately identify potential hazards have increased. The need for accurate information and monitoring comes about as a result of rapid growth in population, settlements, transportation infrastructure and intensified land uses and, therefore, risk and vulnerability in mountain areas. Ability has improved as the traditional methods of gathering and manipulating data have been supplemented by the use of remotesensing, automated terrain modeling, global positioning systems and geographical information systems. This paper focuses on the development and application of the latter methods and techniques to characterize and monitor hazards in high mountain areas.