Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of car- bonate cements of different phases in terrigenous siliciclastic reservoirs and significance for their origin： A case study from sandstones of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, southwestern Ordos Basin, China

Early carbonate cements in the Yanchang Formation sandstones are composed mainly of calcite with relatively heavier carbon isotope （their δ^18O values range from -0.3‰- -0.1‰） and lighter oxygen isotope （their δ^18O values range from -22.1‰- -19.5‰）. Generally, they are closely related to the direct precipitation of oversaturated calcium carbonate from alkaline lake water. This kind of cementation plays an important role in enhancing the anti-compaction ability of sandstones, preserving intragranular volume and providing the mass basis for later disso- lution caused by acidic fluid flow to produce secondary porosity. Ferriferous calcites are characterized by relatively light carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -8.02‰ to -3.23‰, and lighter oxygen isotope with δ^18O values ranging from -22.9‰ to -19.7‰, which is obviously related to the decarboxylation of organic matter during the late period of early diagenesis to the early period of late diagenesis. As the mid-late diagenetic products, ferriferous cal- cites in the study area are considered as the characteristic authigenic minerals for indicating large-scaled hydrocarbon influx and migration within the clastic reservoir. The late ankerite is relatively heavy in carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -1.92‰ to -0.84‰, and shows a wide range of variations in oxygen isotopic composition, with δ^18O values ranging from -20.5‰ to -12.6‰. They are believed to have nothing to do with decarboxylation, but the previously formed marine carbonate rock fragments may serve as the chief carbon source for their precipitation, and the alkaline diagenetic environment at the mid-late stage would promote this process.     

Environmental Redox Changes of the Ancient Sea in the Yangtze Area during the Ordo-Silurian Transition

Extensive organic-matter （OM） rich facies （black shales） occur in the Ordo-Silurian boundary successions in the Yangtze area, South China. To investigate the redox changes of the Yangtze Sea during the Ordo-Silurian transition, two OM sections （Wangjiawan in Yichang, Hubei Province, and Sanjiaguan in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province） straddling the Ordo-Silurian boundary are studied. The measurements finished in this study include contents of the total organic carbon （TOC）, pyrite sulphur, and different species of Fe, including dithionite-extractable Fe （FED）, pyrite Fe （FeP）, HCl-extractable Fe （FeH）, and total Fe （FeT）, in black shales, as well as other redox proxies, such as the SIC ratio, the ratio between highly reactive Fe （FeHR = FeD ＋ FeP） and FeT, and the FeP/（FeP ＋ FeH） ratio, known as the degree of pyritization （DOP）. In the Wangjiawan section, the Middle Ashgill sediments have high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.20-0.77; avg. 0.45）, high DOP values （0.21-0.72; avg. 0.54）, and a relatively constant sulfur content independent of the organic carbon content. By the contrast, the mid-early Hirnantian deposits generally have low FeHR/FeT ratios （0.10-0.35; avg. 0.21）, low DOP values （0.11- 0.40; avg. 0.28）, and SIC values are clustering on the normal marine value （SIC = 0.36）. The late Hirnantian and early Rhuddanian deposits, similar to those of the Middle Ashgill deposits, are characterized by high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.32-0.49; avg. 0.41）, high DOP values （0.46-0.68; avg. 0.53） and fairly constant sulfur contents. These data suggest the occurrences of marine anoxia on the Yangtze Sea shelf during intervals of the Mid Ashgill, Late Hirnantian and Early Rhuddanian, and ventilated and oxygenated marine conditions during the mid-early Hirnantian time. The mid-early Hirnantian ventilated event was concomitant with the global glacial period, likely resulted from the glacio-eustatic sea-level fall and subsequent circulation of cold, dense oxygenated waters     

川西坳陷中段天然气碳同位素特征及其成因类型

川西坳陷中段天然气的组份以烃类气体为主,占气体总体积的98.1%～99.7%;非烃气体以CO,2和N2为主,其含量分别占气体的0.12%～1.32%和0.25%～1.54%;烃类气体中以甲烷占绝对优势,平均含量为95.83%;重烃含量较低,平均为3.21%;干燥系数(C1/C,1-5>)平均为0.97,整体上属典型的干气.川西坳陷中段的所有样品δ13C,2都大于-25.8‰,属于典型的煤型气范畴,天然气的δ13C,1δ'13C,2δ13C,3,呈明显的正序排列,显示出天然气为典型的有机成因.甲烷碳同位素组成,反映了其母质演化程度已处于成熟～高成熟阶段,且以高成熟阶段为主.     

图片新闻

3月19日上午,国土资源部部长、党组书记、国家土地总督察徐绍史在京会见秘鲁能源矿业部部长胡安·巴尔迪维亚。双方就进一步加强两国在矿产资源领域的合作、推进矿产勘查与开发等交换了看法。     

国外关于资源监测评价指标的研究及启示

自从“可持续发展”概念诞生以来,全球许多国家（和领域）都在研究提出自己的可持续发展指标体系,目的是检验和评估国家（和领域）的发展趋向是否可持续,并以此进一步促进可持续发展战略的实施。就自然资源的开发利用与保护而言,欧洲、加拿大、英国都开发了各具特色的指标体系,用于对土地可持续利用、能源可持续发展、有色金属行业可持续发展的能力和状况进行测度和评估,并在管理实践中得到了较好的应用。国内也不乏相关的研究成果,但缺少可在实际中进行应用的成果,或者说还未进入实际应用作阶段。有必要加快推进建设重要资源利用状况的监测评价指标体系,为国土资源形势分析和宏观调控服务。     

排出障碍，开发生物质气化技术

生物质气化是把废物转化气体,它对开创新兴可再生能源来源是有潜力的,但须避免工厂产生不必要的副产品,另外还要找到可靠且稳定的生物质来源,但这并非易事。     

肯尼亚制订新的石油和天然气法草案

据肯尼亚《星期日民族报》报道,肯尼亚国家石油公司已制订了新的石油和天然气法草案,以改善政府部门在能源勘探活动中的协调职能,增加肯对投资者的吸引力。     

大民屯凹陷烃源岩有机质丰度的恢复

烃源岩有机质丰度的恢复具有重要的现实和理论意义。笔者在对比多种方法的基础上,对大民屯凹陷的烃源岩的有机质丰度进行了恢复。     

节能小窍门

1、少买不必要的衣服服装在生产、加工和运输过程中,要消耗大量的能源,同时产生废气、废水等污染物。每人每年少买一件不必要的衣服可节能约2.5千克标准煤,相     

环保煤应当大力推广

提到煤炭,总会让人联想到滚滚而来的浓浓黑烟,将其称为城市环境污染的主要“元凶”之一,不同意者恐怕寥寥无几。北京市为了保证空气质量,从1999年就开始了20吨以下燃煤锅炉改造工程,希望能以天然气等清洁能源代替煤炭,彻底告别“喷烟吐尘”的年代。而随着2008奥运年钟声的敲响,这一环保大计显然变得更加紧迫。