青岛沿海站点冬季不同污染条件下气溶胶的来源解析——基于单颗粒质谱分析

青岛位于京津冀的下风区,毗邻黄渤海,其大气污染受到陆地和海洋传输的影响,尤其在冬季来源较为复杂。本研究利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪于2019年12月在青岛奥帆中心采集913 514个大气颗粒,并利用Art-2a算法将其分类,对青岛市大气气溶胶进行溯源和分析。其中富钾颗粒(K)、元素碳和有机碳混合颗粒物(ECOC)、有机碳颗粒物(OC)、多环芳烃颗粒物(PAH)、OCEC和富钾颗粒与有机碳元素碳混合颗粒(K＿ECOC)等颗粒物多与生物质燃烧有关,其在总颗粒物中的占比高达49.2%;与工业排放有关的元素碳和富钾混合颗粒(EC＿K)、富铁颗粒(Fe)和其他重金属(other＿HM)颗粒物的占比为29.7%;与海洋排放相关的海盐颗粒和富钠颗粒物(Na＿rich)占比为6.8%;另外有机胺(Amine, 10.6%)受到了陆源和海洋源的共同影响。根据污染个例分析发现,青岛受到京津冀传输影响时,局地工业源EC＿K的贡献从36.0%逐渐降至15.0%,较高的环境湿度促进了Amine在颗粒物上的二次生成;当受到高空输送影响时,以生物质燃烧颗粒为主导(70.5%);在海洋气团影响主导时,青岛受局地排放(EC＿...     

高盐环境下ANAMMOX-UASB反应器启动特性

在高盐环境下(含盐量3%)以耐高盐厌氧反硝化颗粒污泥作为接种污泥启动ANAMMOX-UASB反应器,研究其启动特性。结果表明,高盐环境下ANAMMOX-UASB启动成功仅耗时186 d,总氮(Total Nitrogen, TN)去除率在87.5%以上,NH⁺₄-N和NO^-₂-N消耗量之比(Rs)、NH⁺₄-N消耗量与NO^-₃-N生成量之比(Rp)分别为1.13和0.26。启动成功后反应器中污泥由黑色逐步变为红褐色,污泥颗粒化形态较为明显。高盐环境下ANAMMOX-UASB启动成功后污泥中Heme c含量、硝酸盐还原酶(Nitrate reductase, Nar)活性、亚硝酸盐还原酶(Nitrite reductase, Nir)活性、联氨氧化酶(Hydrazine oxidase, HZO)活性、联氨合成酶(Hydrazine synthase, HZS)活性较接种污泥的增幅分别为8.00、6.74、8.34...     

颈舒颗粒治疗神经根型颈椎病48例临床观察

目的：观察颈舒颗粒治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法：将96例神经根型颈椎病患者采用随机数字表法将其随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各48例。对照组采用塞来昔布配合盐酸乙哌立松口服治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用颈舒颗粒治疗。观察患者在用药前、用药2周及用药4周后的视觉模拟评分量表（VAS）评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）以及综合疗效。结果：总效率治疗组为91.67%（44/48）,对照组为87.50%（42/48）,2组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2组治疗2、4周与治疗前比较,治疗2周后VAS评分、NDI组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;用药4周后比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：颈舒颗粒治疗神经根型颈椎病有一定疗效,可以在短期内明显缓解患者的临床症状,其主要优势为缩短神经根型颈椎病的自然病程,值得临床推广。     

止咳平喘颗粒的药效学研究

目的：探讨止咳平喘颗粒祛痰、镇咳、平喘的药理作用。方法：选取昆明种小鼠及豚鼠作为实验对象,分别进行祛痰、镇咳、平喘实验,并分为止咳平喘颗粒高、中、低3个剂量组及阴性组、阳性组,观察酚红排泌量、咳嗽次数、咳嗽潜伏期;以最大剂量止咳平喘颗粒灌胃,进行急性毒性实验,并观察毒性反应。结果：止咳平喘颗粒可增加酚红排泌量,减少咳嗽次数,延长咳嗽和引喘潜伏期,无明显毒副作用。结论：止咳平喘颗粒不易引起毒副作用,祛痰、止咳、平喘作用显著。     

全基因表达谱分析回神颗粒对app/ps1小鼠认知功能障碍的影响

目的：探讨回神颗粒对app/ps1双转基因小鼠脑组织全基因表达谱的影响。方法：对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠应用回神颗粒,用小鼠全基因芯片分析脑组织基因表达谱,并进行通路分析。结果：全基因组芯片分析表明,共有300个基因同时在模型组和回神颗粒治疗组中发生变化。荧光信号比值大于2.0的基因有25个,其中下表达基因5个,上表达基因20个。该变化与细胞内信号传导通路、脂代谢、调控细胞凋亡、调控炎症反应等相关。结论：回神颗粒可以通过调节代谢、凋亡相关基因而有效改善阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的痴呆程度,发挥抗痴呆的作用。     

火灾烟颗粒分形模型和球形模型光散射的比较研究

对烟颗粒的光散射进行模拟计算是研究火灾烟颗粒光散射特性的重要手段,目前对于火灾烟颗粒光散射的数值计算多采用球形或椭球模型.实际上,火灾烟颗粒的形貌与球形和椭球均存在着显著差异.扫描电子显微镜图像表明,烟颗粒具有近似分形的结构.本文利用离散偶极近似方法计算了随机取向的火灾烟颗粒分形凝团以及同体积的球形颗粒的光散射Muller矩阵,并对两者的归一化Muller矩阵元素随散射角的分布进行了比较.研究表明:火灾烟颗粒分形模型和球形模型的归一化矩阵元素F₁₁(θ)/F_{11相似文献}   

Complete genome sequence and proteomic analysis of a thermophilic bacteriophage BV1

Viruses of thermophiles are of great interest due to their roles in gene transfer, global geochemical cycle and evolution of life on earth. However, the thermophilic bacteriophages have not been studied extensively. In this investigation, a typical bacteriophage BV1 was obtained from a thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus sp. 6k512, which was isolated from an inshore hot spring in Xiamen of China. The BV1 contained a double-stranded linear DNA of 35 055 bp, which encodes 54 open reading frames (ORFs). Interestingly, eight of the 54 BV1 ORFs shared sequence similarities to genes from human disease-relevant bacteria. Seven proteins of the purified BV1 virions were identified by proteomic analysis. Determination of BV1 functional genomics would facilitate the better understanding of the mechanism for virus-thermophile interaction.     

A field study on the conversion ratio of phytoplankton biomass carbon to chlorophyll-<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis> in Jiaozhou Bay,China

A one-year field study was conducted to determine the conversion ratio of phytoplankton biomass carbon (Phyto-C) to chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in Jiaozhou Bay, China. We measured suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) and phytoplankton Chl-a samples collected in surface water monthly from March 2005 to February 2006. The temporal and spatial variations of Chl-a and POC concentrations were observed in the bay. Based on the field measurements, a linear regression model II was used to generate the conversion ratio of Phyto-C to Chl-a. In most cases, a good linear correlation was found between the observed POC and Chl-a concentrations, and the calculated conversion ratios ranged from 26 to 250 with a mean value of 56 μg μg⁻¹. The conversion ratio in the fall was higher than that in the winter and spring months, and had the lowest values in the summer. The ratios also exhibited spatial variations, generally with low values in the near shore regions and relatively high values in offshore waters. Our study suggests that temperature was likely to be the main factor influencing the observed seasonal variations of conversion ratios while nutrient supply and light penetration played important roles in controlling the spatial variations.     

北京市大气气溶胶体积谱特性分析

本文利用AERONET的气溶胶月平均数据,分析了北京市大气气溶胶体积谱的季节性变化,并对气溶胶体积谱与光学厚度、Angstrom指数、小颗粒比例以及单次散射反照率的关系进行分析。分析结果表明:在春季北京市气溶胶体积谱中粗模态粒子占的比重较大,峰值半径约为3μm;在夏季北京市气溶胶体积谱中细模态粒子占的比重较大,峰值半径约为0.25μm;影响粗模态峰值异常增大的主要因素是沙尘,影响细模态峰值异常增大的主要因素是温度和湿度;在吸收性粒子浓度较低情况下,细模态粒子占主导地位时,单次散射反照率随波长的增大而减小,粗模态粒子占主导地位时,单次散射反照率率波长的增大而增大。