地形条件对泥石流发育的影响——以岷江流域上游为例

为了预警泥石流的发生,需要判断泥石流的易发程度。在地质和降雨条件都大致相同的条件下,因地形条件的不同,导致一个区域的沟谷暴发泥石流的频率有着明显不同,显然地形条件是控制泥石流发育的关键因素之一。以研究岷江流域上游典型沟谷为例,通过分析地形条件对泥石流发育的影响,选用岷江流域上游典型沟谷的形成区流域面积A0、形状系数F0以及沟床纵比降J03个重要参数进行研究,比较三者相互之间的关系特征而得到一个综合的地形因子G。对比研究岷江流域典型区域以及甘肃舟曲、台湾陈有兰溪地区沟谷泥石流的暴发频率和G值,比较验证后得出:在地质和降雨条件都相近的情况下,沟谷G值越大,则越利于暴发泥石流。因此,可运用地形因子G划分某区域内沟谷泥石流的易发等级。对于岷江流域典型区域的沟谷:G≥0.21极容易暴发泥石流;0.14G0.21较容易暴发泥石流;G≤0.14不容易暴发泥石流。由于地质条件和降雨情况的差异,不同地区泥石流易发等级所对应的G值也将不同。     

Study on the characteristics and formation mechanism of the typical post-fire debris flow in Lushan area of Xichang City: A case study of 3# branch on the left bank of Xiangshuigou

On March 30, 2020, a forest fire broke out in Liangshan area of Xichang City in Sichuan Province. After the fire, the ash and burnt soil easily developed into debris flow in case of heavy rainfall, which brought potential geological hazard risks to the ecological environment of Lushan and safety of local people's lives and properties in Qionghai and Lushan areas. Taking 3^# branch on the left bank of Xiangshuigou in Anha Town as an example, the authors conducted field investigation, UAV aerial photography, geophysical exploration, field and indoor experiments to study the fluid characteristics, dynamic parameters and genetic mechanism of the post-fire debris flow on May 1, 2020. The features of movement, provenance scale and deduced precipitation were also systematically analyzed. This achievement could provide some reference for the study of the development trend of the post-fire debris flow and the mitigation of disasters in this area.     

Application of remote sensing technology in emergency rescue decision about “6·17” Danba River debris flow disaster chain

On June 17, 2020, a mudslide occurred in Meilongou of Banshanmen Town, Danba County of Sichuan Province, which blocked Xiaojinchuan River and formed a barrier lake, causing heavy property losses and casualties. In order to grasp the first-hand disaster situation and assist emergency rescue and other disposals, combined with the UAV aerial photography data and post-disaster site survey and other data, the authors used the domestic high-score 2 satellite data as the main data source to carry out the emergency investigation and analytical research of emergency rescue decision about “6.17” Danba River debris flow disaster chain. The results show that the affected population is about 65,000 and the nearest emergency rescue teams are from State Grid Danba County Power Supply Company and China Unicom of Xiaojin Country. Five schools, such as Banshanmen middle school, could be used as temporary resettlement shelters. There are six mining enterprises, one important reservoir and one hydropower station affected by the disaster. The debris flow gully is NE—SE distributed, covering about 142,700 m². And the barrier lake is about 1.03 km², covering 498,000 m². The totally destroyed roadbed and road surface were about 2.1 km and there are 9 suspected disaster hidden dangers in the lower reach. Whats more, 25 residential houses and 5 bridges were damaged by the disaster. Two rescue lifelines with good post-disaster accessibility to the severely affected debris flow areas were chosen. With the help of remote sensing technology, the in-depth analysis of the pre-judgment of the affected population by the debris flow disaster chain, emergency investigation of the disaster situation and disaster damage, and the selection of emergency rescue lifelines were successfully conducted, which has great guiding significance in the emergency rescue and disaster prevention and mitigation in the mountainous areas of Southwest China with similar geological conditions.     

应用精细油藏描述技术实现S3区可持续发展

对S3区开展的精细油藏描述,发现由于储层胶结性差、埋深浅、笼统注采以及防砂措施不配套等因素影响,整个区块出现储量动用不均衡,原开发方式已经不适应油藏的开发形式的需要。在油藏开发调整中,进行平面开发区域的合理划分与重组。针对不同区域储层特征、沉积特点、水驱开发特征、现有井网完整程度和剩余油分布状况,对不同区域采用适合的开发方式,实现在同一区块采用多元的开发方式进行整体二次开发,使该区块生产能力得到改善。     

甘肃金塔县老虎山晚古生代华北型富镁埃达克岩的发现及构造动力学意义

甘肃省金塔县老虎山一带首次发现的华北型富镁埃达克岩,地球化学特征表明具有典型C型埃达克岩特征,表现为高Sr低Y、高钾低钠,富集LREE,亏损HREE,无Eu异常或轻微异常,Mg#值(0.56)等特征显示出具有加厚下地壳部分熔融并和玄武岩浆发生混合作用的产物,暗示志留纪晚期北山古大洋已消亡,明水—公婆泉地体和马鬃山中间地块发生碰撞拼接,为北山构造演化提供了依据。     

四川省泸定县高家沟泥石流灾害特征及防治对策

论述了四川省泸定县高家沟泥石流形成条件、诱发因素和泥石流灾害特征。对泥石流危险度进行了定量评价,并提出了相应的防治对策。     

文山广南县老龙锰矿地质特征及找矿标志

老龙锰矿是近几年来,在广南地区下泥盆统芭蕉箐组碳酸盐岩系中新发现的沉积型锰矿,研究表明,早泥盆世晚期,连同广南地区在内的广大区域地壳大幅度沉降,海水变深,浮游生物等大量死亡,并伴有锰矿沉积,芭蕉箐组中的硅质岩为锰矿层的顶底板,是该锰矿的直接找矿标志.     

暴雨型泥石流预警模型初步研究

2010年8月13日四川都江堰市龙池地区暴发了特大规模的群发性暴雨型泥石流过程,给龙池地区的震后恢复重建带来了巨大的灾难,因此,研究该区泥石流发生机理和预警十分必要。本文在总结前人关于泥石流暴发与降雨条件研究成果基础上,发现泥石流物源含水量及地表径流流深等是导致流域内松散物源启动的主要原因。根据其前期降雨量和有效降雨强度等特征,建立了泥石流流域物源土体颗粒个别启动、局部启动和大量启动的判别式,建立了适合该区域暴雨泥石流预警模型,将可能诱发泥石流暴发的不同降雨条件划分为蓝、黄和红色3个危险等级,为该区泥石流监测预警提供了科学依据。     

基于DEM的单沟泥石流危险性定量评价

DEM(Digial Elevaion Model)是地貌景观高程信息的数字表达,能够直观的反应地形地貌条件。泥石流形成和运动受其流域地貌条件的制约,流域系统信息是地貌发育状态的定量描述;故其值能够作为描述泥石流危险性的一种定量化指标。该研究在对甘肃南部地区白龙江流域的252条泥石流沟的基本参数统计分析基础上,选取其中45条泥石流单沟;通过DEM数据拟合其沟谷高程—面积抛物线方程,计算单沟泥石流流域面积—高程函数积分S;在缺乏流域其他环境因子参数的情况下,定量化描述泥石流危险性。     

阳春市双滘镇大榜村泥石流危险性评价

阳春市双滘镇大榜村背靠丘陵山坡,山体由寒武系的混合岩组成,表层风化岩土厚度较大,山势陡峭且发育有冲沟坳谷,岩土稳定性较差。本文通过充分分析评价区地质环境条件,通过采用定量计算及定性分析方法进行泥石流参数计算和危险性分析评价,为下一步对泥石流治理设计提供地质科学依据。