属性-结构(P-S)矿体动态建模方法

针对空间形态复杂的矿体三维模型动态构建难度大的问题,从决定其空间分布的本质属性出发,提出了一种解决途径:属性-结构(P-S)动态建模方法.先在较大的空间范围内构建出矿石属性模型;再依据不同的工业指标参数等约束条件,动态提取生成矿体属性模型和结构模型.在详细阐述传统矿体建模方法的驱动机制及决定矿体动态建模的本质属性的基础上,对这种方法的原理、特点及实现过程进行了详细阐述.理论分析及实践表明:矿体P-S动态建模方法能够以较高的质量和效率动态构建出形态复杂、信息量丰富的矿体三维模型,具有一定的可实践性和理论意义.     

遥感影像土地覆盖分类的多点地统计学方法

提出了一种基于多点地统计学理论的遥感影像分类后处理方法。此方法从训练图像中提取先验的空间结构信息,推断类别的空间分布模式和相关关系,训练图像中能够建立包含空间关系的模型,比传统变异函数模型所表达的点对之间的关系更为丰富。将此方法应用于从Landsat TM影像中提取湿地类别,与空间平滑法和基于马尔科夫随机场的分类方法相比,其总体分类精度有所提高,且对曲线分布的地物类别的处理具有明显优势。     

地质统计学Kriging法在GPS高程拟合中的应用探讨

本文以某工业园区项目的 GPS水准测量数据,利用地质统计学中的Ordinary Kriging方法,进行了GPS高程异常拟合的不同方案试验研究,结果发现普通克立格方法合理拟合方案下的估计精度可满足测量规范要求,推荐应用于GPS高程异常拟合工程。     

基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分的空间异质性研究:以红河县迤萨镇为例(英文)

云南红河哈尼稻作梯田系统是全球重要农业文化遗产保护试点之一。土壤养分是土壤肥力的重要标志,对遗产地土地的可持续利用具有重要作用。运用GIS和地统计学相结合的方法,对红河县迤萨镇的土壤p H、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的空间变异及分布特征进行了分析。研究结果表明,该区域内的土壤p H、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾显示出中等变异,其变异系数分别为12.54%、40.14%、40.00%、34.89%、50.48%;有效磷显示出强变异,其变异系数为102.13%;土壤p H、有机质、全氮和速效钾的理论模型为指数模型,有效磷的理论模型为球状模型;土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾的空间分布状况主要受结构性因子的影响,p H、有机质和碱解氮的空间分布状况受结构性因子和随机因子的共同影响;Kriging插值图较为直观地描述了迤萨镇土壤养分的空间分布状况。通过对土壤各种养分的空间分布状况,对于及时调整施肥等农业管理措施具有一定的指导作用,是进行精准施肥研究的基础工作。     

地学模拟相关技术的研究与进展

地学模拟技术的一个发展方向是与地学过程分析密切结合,另一个发展方向是与数据可视化技术相结合。前者试图通过使用各种数学方法模拟地学随机现象,并对这些不良结构化或半结构化的地学问题进行定量化描述;后者运用计算机的三维可视化功能,在三维环境下将空间信息管理、地学解译、空间分析、地学统计与预测、三维图形可视化等技术相结合,实现计算可视化、分析可视化、过程可视化、结果可视化和决策可视化,并用于地学分析。回顾了地学中计算机三维地学建模技术、地质统计学和地学非线性现象模拟方法,并对该领域的发展进行了展望,认为加强地学模拟的理论体系、方法体系、技术体系的研究和实践既有着重要的理论意义,又有着重要的现实意义。     

重磁场的变差函数特征及应用

用变差函数研究重磁场的区域变化特征.变差函数的变程反映重磁场的相干范围, 块金效应反映随机干扰, 基台值反映变异程度.重磁场的理论模拟说明: 重力场的相干范围大于磁场, 重磁场变程主要取决于场源深度, 浅源重磁场变差函数近似为球状模型或指数模型, 深源重磁场近似为连续性更好的高斯模型.磁场场源深度近似等于变程的一半, 重力场场源深度近似等于变程的四分之一.湖北大冶铁矿垂直分量磁异常具有几何各向异性, 北西-南东走向, 变差函数推测磁铁矿平均深度为250m.磁异常小波多尺度分解细节和逼近部分磁场具有协调几何各向异性, 变差函数的各阶场源深度估计结果与功率谱估计结果吻合.      

ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR CONDUCTING COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF CADASTRAL SYSTEMS

The conception of an efficient cadastral system is an important element in the development of each coun-try. It is crucial for the efficient operation of the real estate market—the security and liberty of making transactions, register-ing a property, planning operations, the introduction of an ad valorem tax on property and more rational use of space. InEurope there are different types of cadastral systems, because the countries in Europe have different cultural back-grounds, different economical and social backgrounds. Through the centuries, many types of cadastral systems evolvedand their differences often depend upon local cultural heritage, physical geography, land use, technology, etc. Compara-tive analyses of cadastral systems have been the subjects of many publications and studies in world literature. It was as-sessed that the useful tools in conducting comparative analyses of various cadastral systems include the procedures of statisti-cal inference. This paper presents the results of a project to compare the performance of ten cadastral systems international-ly by creating appropriate integrated indicators of a cadastral system using statistical technique. Such indicators willmake it possible to compare different cadastral systems and present them hierarchically in relation to their quality, struc-ture, as well as legal, organizational and technological solutions. From a good number of methods available, techniquesoriginating from two spheres of statistic inference were selected: distribution free methods and multivariate analysis meth-ods. For analyses with the distribution free methods, FRIEDMAN‘‘s test (FRIENDMAN‘‘s non-parametric variance analy-sis) as well as KENDALL‘‘s test ( KENDALL‘‘s compatibility ratio) were selected. For analyses with the multivariate analy-sis methods, factor analysis was selected.     

重庆地面最低气温年极值的渐近分布及参数估计

利用重庆 1951-1996 年间 46 年地面气温年极小值的记录,采用韦伯分布和耿贝尔分布分别进行拟合试验.通过统计推断和对比,找出重庆地面最低气温年极值遵循的最佳渐近分布--韦伯分布.     

Statistical Properties of 6.7 GHz Methanol Maser Sources

We present a statistical analysis of 482 6.7 GHz methanol maser sources from the available literature, on their maser emission and the characteristics of their associated infrared sources. On the color-color diagram, more than 70% of the objects fall within a very small region (0.57 ≤ [25 - 12] ≤ 1.30 and 1.30 ≤[60 - 12] ≤ 2.50). This suggests that 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission occurs only within a very short evolutionary phase during the earliest stage of star formation. The velocity ranges of the masers belong to two main groups: one from 1 to 10 km s^-1, and one from about 11 to 20 km s^-1. These velocity ranges indicate that the masers are probably associated with both disks and outflows. The correlations between the maser and infrared flux densities, and between the maser and infrared luminosities, suggest that far-infrared radiation is a possible pumping mechanism for the masers which most probably originate from some outer molecular envelopes or disks.     

PUSH-PULL FACTORS IN MOUNTAIN RESORTS——A Case Study of Huangshan Mountain as World Heritage

The push-pull framework provides a useful approach for examining the tourist motivation. This paper takes the world heritage--Huangshan Mountain as a sample. From the two different aspects of pull and push factors, the underlying features of visitors‘ motives to Huangshan Mountain are analyzed with the help of factor analysis. As a result,five push factors and four pull factors are identified. Further analyses investigate differences in the push and pull factors among different socio-demographic subgroups with one-way ANOVA analysis. The result of the study affords us useful references for development, protection and marketing expansion of mountain resorts.