联合利用地震深反射与折射资料研究延怀盆地壳幔过渡带的性质

根据１９９２年延怀盆地的深地震反射共中心点（ＣＤＰ）叠加剖面图,提出了延怀盆地的壳幔过渡带初始模型．对于１９９３年通过延怀盆地的北京—怀来—丰镇剖面的宽角反射与折射剖面资料,进行震相分析．在一维模型基础上进行走时反演和二维射线追踪．最后,采用反射率法对延怀盆地壳—幔过渡带的上下界面的反射波ＰＭ′和ＰＭ进行了波形拟合,证明了其存在;同时明确了延怀盆地莫霍不连续面是高低速相间的薄层组成的过渡带性质．这一结构与邢台地震区壳幔过渡带结构相似．这一特征说明由于延怀盆地莫霍面附近存在深大断裂,有可能从地幔中“贯入”熔体或流体的透镜体,从而形成低速层多层结构．     

黑钨矿、锡石、铌铁矿、细晶石、铌钽铁矿生成条件及黑钨矿和锡石中钽、铌含量变化的实验研究

Physicochemical conditions of formation for wolframite, cassiterite and columbite and the principal factors which contribute to the Nb^-, Ta^- variation in wolframite and cassiterite were experimentally studied under hydrothermal environments. It has been shown that wolframite, cassiterite, columbite, mierolite, tapiolite can be synthesized under wide ranges of temperature and pressure (300-600℃, 500---2,000 bars). Wolframite and cassiterite can be crystallized under either alkaline or acid conditions. Columbite may be formed in solution with a pH of 2--4, while columbite and microlite crystallize within a pH range of 3-8. In the presence of Ta and Nb, the variation of Ta and Nb in wolframite and cassiterite is found to be controlled largely by solution pH, oxidation-reduction potentials and reaction dynamics.Wolframite crystallizing from acid solution is rich in Ta, while eassiterite in Ta and Nb. On the other hand, Nb, is strongly concentrated in wolframite formed from weakly alkaline selutions, while cassiterite formed under the same condition carries higher content of Ta. Oxidation favors the entry of Ta and Nb into wolframite. Ta and Mb occur as isomorphous impurity or inclusions in wolframite and cassiterite. The maximum content of Ta2O5 in wolframite as isomorphous constituents can be as high as 6.10 percent under the experimental conditions.     

江西宜丰同安花岗细晶岩年代学及其成因研究

燕山期甘坊复式岩体是宜丰锂铌钽稀有金属矿田重要的赋矿岩体,细晶岩作为甘坊岩体晚阶段岩浆演化的产物,与区内细晶岩型稀有金属成矿作用关系密切,但前人对该类岩石及其成矿作用特征研究较薄弱。本文以甘坊岩体南侧同安矿区内的花岗细晶岩为研究对象,对其展开系统的岩相学、锡石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学分析。锡石U-Pb定年结果表明,同安花岗细晶岩形成时代为138.3 Ma。全岩地球化学分析结果显示,该类岩石具高磷铝、富碱钙、贫镁铁钛的特征,且A/CNK值(1.71～1.88)较高,σ值(1.40～1.72)较低,属于典型的强过铝质、高钾钙碱性岩石。全岩微量及稀土元素成分显示,同安花岗细晶岩具有稀土元素强烈亏损,相对富集Rb、U、Nb、Ta、Pb、P、Hf和明显亏损Ba、Th、Sr、Ti等元素的特征。综上所述,同安花岗细晶岩属高分异的S型花岗岩,来源于地壳浅部变沉积岩物质的部分熔融。在演化过程中,经历过早期高度结晶分异过程和晚期的岩浆-热液相互作用,其中早期的高度结晶分异过程对Li成矿起到了初始富集的作用,而演化晚期的岩浆-热液相互作用才是Li元素高度富集并成矿的关键。     

石棉尾矿制备轻质氧化镁的工艺条件研究

以石棉尾矿为原料,对制备轻质氧化镁的工艺条件进行了优化选择。以硫酸浸矿,在矿物粒度为80目,酸用量为理论值的120%,液固比为4∶1,反应温度为(95±2)℃,反应时间为1 h的条件下,镁的浸出率可达81.74%;采用多效分离剂,在pH值为5.5~6.5时分离杂质铁,经碳酸钠水溶液沉淀的碳酸镁,在850℃焙烧2.5 h,其轻质氧化镁的纯度达到99.3%,为石棉尾矿的综合利用提供了一条新的途径。     

高镁磷尾矿的矿石结构与矿物组成

利用电子探针背散射电子成像分析和微区成分分析功能,对贵州瓮福高镁磷尾矿的矿石结构和矿物组成进行了研究,以探索尾矿与其原矿之间的差异,为综合开发利用磷尾矿提供必要的依据。结果表明该高磷尾矿的矿石结构可分为单矿物结构和多矿物碎屑结构两类。前者矿物组成包括白云石单矿物、磷灰石单矿物、褐铁矿单矿物、石英单矿物;后者包括白云石-磷灰石多矿物、磷灰石-白云石-石英多矿物,属高镁低品位磷矿。矿物组成类型按其含量从高到低依次为白云石质尾矿、白云石磷灰石质尾矿、磷灰石白云石石英质尾矿、石英质尾矿、磷灰石质尾矿、褐铁矿质尾矿,白云石质尾矿是尾矿中最丰富的矿物,白云石颗粒是含量最高的碎屑类型。     

硝酸盐氮氧同位素反硝化细菌法测试研究

进入21世纪,硝酸盐氮氧同位素测试技术的显著进展是反硝化细菌法测试技术的建立。反硝化细菌法具有可同时分析浓度低至μg/L的硝酸盐氮氧同位素组成、免去复杂的样品预处理、分析时间大大缩短以及从复杂溶液中只转化NO3-为N2O等优点。实验过程由细菌挑选和培养、样品NO3-转化为N2O、N2O提取纯化、同位素测试以及同位素测试结果校正等几个关键步骤组成。国外研究结果显示该技术不仅可用于海水和淡水中硝酸盐同位素测试,而且还可用于土壤样品,并得到不断的完善和应用;国内建立了这一技术,在包气带和地下水硝酸盐污染研究中取得重要进展。由于该技术诸多优点,建议大力促进这一技术在我国的研究和应用,希望有关部门加大支持力度,进一步完善该技术并推广应用。     

浙江青田石平川钼矿控矿条件分析

石平川钼矿由燕山晚期第四次侵入碱性长石花岗岩体提供物源和热动力,火山机构、断裂和西山头组第二岩性段为成矿提供了导矿通道和容矿场所。     

万洋山—诸广山加里东期花岗岩的年龄特征对找矿的指示

本文以近年来获得的万洋山—诸广山加里东期花岗岩的年龄特征为线索,对年龄数据进行了总结,并与华南地区加里东期花岗岩的年龄数据进行对比,认为万洋山—诸广山岩体为华南加里东晚期侵位的S型花岗岩,侵位时限在440-425Ma间,而该期花岗岩的成矿年龄在430-415Ma间,同时指出岩体中发育的浅色二云母二长花岗岩、细晶岩脉是重要的找矿线索。并且通过对万洋山—诸广山地区找矿案列的分析,认为该期花岗岩的形成有深部地幔岩浆参与,且该地区具备良好的成矿构造、成矿岩浆岩条件,因此在万洋山—诸广山地区开展W、Sn多金属找矿远景广阔。     

Fine root distribution pattern of different aged Leucaena leucocephala trees in debris flow source area in Jiangjia Gully,China

Fine root is critical to restrain soil erosion and its distribution pattern is of great influence on the restraining effects. This study studied the fine root biomass(Br) distribution of different aged Leucaena leucocephala(5, 10, 15 years) in debris flow source area in Jiangjia Gully by digging downward to the bottom at different distances to stem in three directions on slope. The results showed the Br increased dramatically by 143% from 5 years to 10 years and then rose slowly by 38% from 10 years to 15 years. The Br of 5 years was significantly asymmetric between uphill and alonghill directions, but there was little difference among directions for other ages, and a concentration trend appeared to exist in downhill and alonghill directions. Moreover, fine root(D≤1 mm) was significantly heavier than that of fine root(1mmD≤2 mm), playing a leading role in the vertical distribution of the whole fine root, with a logarithmic or an exponential function. The results presented may shed light on fine root distribution pattern and evaluation of its effect on slope stability in debris flow source area.