西双版纳原始森林寻趣

去年2月，我随中国地理学会考察团，奔赴云南西双版纳考察。到版纳的第一天，我们一早，就从版纳的首府景洪市出发。西双版纳的原始森林属于热带季雨林型，在旱季，部分上层乔木会落叶，因此，在地上积了一层厚厚的枯枝落叶层。一脚踏上去，就畚有一个深深的陷窝，加上森林里特别阴湿，行走相当艰苦。刚走了半小时，天下起了大雨。我们躲进了附近唯一可避风雨的“蛇园”。“蛇园”里生活着3000多条蛇，它们或挂于树干，或浮于水面，或钻入地洞，一动不动在冬眠。     

河南省西峡地区金红石金含矿层岩石组合特征及其形成环境

河南省西峡地区金红石放层有三种岩石类型：钙质变质岩、基性变质岩和泥质－长英质变质岩。地其含矿层的层位、时代、岩石组合、原岩建造及地球化学特征的研究，认为其原岩为沉积岩和基性火山岩，其形成环境为扬子板块北部古被动大陆边缘的陆缘断陷深海槽。     

秦岭及黄土区的栎林与发育气候

栎林是华北平原和关中平原占绝对优势的夏绿阔叶林，栎林类型多，发育的气候条件差异较大，它主要是温暖气候或间冰期气候的植被，但也有的栎林发育的接近冰期的寒冷条件下，区分不同的栎林对深入研究第四纪气候具重要的意义，本文根据不同栎林中伴生的植物差异，论述了不同栎林的组成特点及其和气候的关系，辽东栎林的孢粉组合特征。     

Biomarkers in the Molar Tooth （MT）-Bearing Limestones in the Jilin-Liaoning Area of China

The origin of Molar Tooth (MT) carbonates has been argued for more than 100 years, which are a kind of Proterozoic carbonates especially composed of microsparite with ptygmatically folded and sheet-like structures. Biomarkers detected in the microcalcsparite from the Wanlong and Xingmincun formations in the Jilin-Liaoning area showed there are abundant normal alkanes, isoprenoids, hopanes, steranes, alkylmethylcyclohexanes, and alkyleyclohexanes, indicating a diversity of biological source: long-chain isoprenoids, the major components of chlorophyll, such as C19, C20, a kind of major biomarkers synthesized early by isoprenoid monomers; hopanes a type of characteristic biomarkers from prokaryote, such as archaebacteria and cyanobacteria; sterane a biomarker for eukaryote; and two kinds of alkanes with C17, C18 as the main peaks representing aquatic bacteria and with C23, C24 as the main peaks representing fungi, respectively. Biomarker analysis showed that MT is the result of bacterial and algal activities, which is a kind of organisms between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, reproducing well in normal or slightly saline sea water under weak oxidation-reduction conditions, resulting in rapid deposition of calcite as microsparite clue to some mechanisms.     

冲积层防水煤柱上提工作面的防治水对策

开滦矿区煤系地层上覆由于防水煤柱留设过大，造成了大量的煤炭储量呆滞。为了提高煤炭资源回收率，确保安全生产，开滦林南仓矿在西二采区进行了工作面采后的导高观测试验研究，测量导水裂隙带岩层的漏失情况，为提高开采上限提供了地质依据，防水煤柱由原来的65m缩小到53m，成功地在1221上工作面进行了试验开采。     

三峡库区巴东红石包滑坡治理工程监理体会

三峡库区巴东红石包滑坡治理采用抗滑桩即悬臂桩与锚桩联合治理方案。介绍了对施工中各个工序的监理体会。     

白云母-金红石质图章石的矿物学特征

绿色图章石是我国众多图章石品种中的重要类别，四川“雅安绿”即为其中一个代表性的品种。近期国内珠宝市场出现了一种被称为“雅安绿”新亚种的图章石且广受关注，其外观为微透明的绿黄色基体上分布绿色半透明的纹脉，图案精美。本次研究采用偏光显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪、电子探针仪、红外吸收光谱仪、激光拉曼光谱仪和紫外-可见光分光光度计对该种图章石的矿物组成、化学成分、谱学特征和颜色成因进行研究。结果表明，该图章石绿色纹脉的主要矿物成分为微晶白云母，绿黄色基体主要由微晶白云母和金红石组成，纹脉白云母中可充填有细脉状的绿泥石。明确了该图章石中白云母的多型类型为2M₁型，白云母的晶胞参数为a=0.514(2) nm、b=0.906(4) nm、c=2.015(6) nm、β=95.3(3)°,金红石的晶胞参数为a=b=0.460(2) nm、c=0.295(1) nm,计算其分子式为(K_0.82Na_0.08)(Al_1.80Fe_0.17Mg_0.03)(Al_0.93     

胶莱盆地白垩系林寺山组砾岩沉积特征及盆地演化意义

胶莱盆地下白垩统莱阳群底部林寺山组主要由砾岩组成。通过对盆地及周缘18个地点林寺山组砾岩系统的调查,从砾岩组分、砾径和长轴排列方向的统计分析出发,研究该砾岩沉积相类型、盆地物源区、古水流及林寺山组上覆地层中砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱特点,并进一步讨论了盆地演化的意义。研究表明,林寺山组底部砾岩以冲积扇相为主,但不同地点亚、微相类型又有差异。原型胶莱盆地由莱阳、海阳-即墨和诸城-五莲3个独立盆地组成,被6个隆起区所分隔。莱阳盆地的物源主要来自胶北隆起和苏鲁造山带北部;海阳-即墨盆地以苏鲁造山带北部隆起区、即墨-牟平隆起、胶南隆起为主物源区;诸城-五莲盆地以胶南隆起和马山-李党家低隆起为主要物源区。林寺山组砾岩的出现标志着苏鲁造山带大规模塌陷和胶莱盆地的形成。     

中国金红石矿床成矿地质条件及成矿远景

中国金红石矿床成因类型不一,控矿因素各异。通过对地层、构造(包括大地构造环境及褶皱)等控矿因素,区域变质作用、岩浆作用、热液作用、风化及沉积作用等成矿地质条件及矿床分布等规律的归纳与研究,提出了陕西石泉-镇坪、陕西丹凤-西峡、河南南召-方城、湖北枣阳-河南新县、湖北英山-潜山、江苏徐州-东海、山东栖霞-荣城、山西代县-河北涞水、四川会东9个金红石成矿远景区。并圈定出山东省荣城曲家、安徽凤阳板桥、湖北郧西土门—涧池、湖北七里坪大悟仙山、山西代县义成沟—羊廷寺、河北涞源司各庄、河北丰宁黄土梁等7个找矿靶区。     

Dynamics and relationships of Ca, Mg, Fe in litter, soil fauna and soil in Pinus koraiensis-broadleaf mixed forest

The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata, and mixed litter）, soil in humus horizon （0--5cm） and soil horizon （5-20cm）, and soil macrofauna （Oligochaeta, Geophiloporpha and Juliformia） from 2001 to 2002. The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index （El）. The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated. The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly, and then decrease in the study period. The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter, and the mixed litter is in the middle level, but the differences among them are not significant. The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil, but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus. The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter. The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg （E1〉1）, but it does not significantly enrich Fe. Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra, but E1〈1. Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.