三维地震勘探技术在宋新庄井田中的应用

以宋新庄井田三维地震勘探为例,介绍了该区主要地震反射波组与标志层位的对应关系,并通过对T3、T10、T18波的研究查明了勘探区构造形态：除了对甜水堡背斜形态及位置更明确外,还新发现汪水塘向斜及9条新断层,其中DF5逆断层及西移的金家渠子西侧逆断层控制了该井田边界。通过对煤层隐伏露头的解释及钻孔验证,证实部分煤层露头向东南平移200～500m,扩大了煤层赋存范围。另外强反射波组TN、TE表现,确定了新生界古松散层内部地层的界限及底界与下伏地层的不整合关系,该区新生界底界面总的变化趋势为西部高、东部低。     

测井方法在山西宁武煤田马营堡井田勘探中的应用

马营堡井田基本构造形态为一单斜构造,区内不同岩性地层的电阻率、密度、声波时差及伽马值均有明显差异,其中煤层的电阻率、密度及声波时差曲线均表现出出高异常及自然伽马低异常;而砂岩随粒度的变细及泥质含量的增加,自然伽玛逐渐增大。依据该区岩性基本物性特征,确定了井田内新生界与基岩、下石盒子组与山西组分界及主采煤层4、9号等主要标志层的响应特征。这些地层标志在测井曲线上形态,可作为该区地层对比的重要依据。     

伊宁苏勒萨依井田煤层中瓦斯的分布特征与富集规律

伊宁苏勒萨依井田各煤层为低变质烟煤,瓦斯含量相对较低,以二氧化碳-氮气带为主。在垂向上,瓦斯含量随深度增大总体呈增加之势;在横向上,瓦斯含量自西向东有逐渐升高趋势,其富集地段主要分布于皮里青背斜南冀68线和72线南部一带,建议在矿井开采中,重点监测该地段。严禁超通风能力生产,防止瓦斯大量聚集而引起事故。     

揪出南寒北旱的"元凶"

2010年刚刚结束不久,全球很多地方都呈现出灾害的征兆,这可真是一个让人不太开心的消息.从去年12月底到今年初以来的不到一个月时间内,澳大利亚、斯里兰卡和巴西先后发生罕见洪灾.根据以往的经验,人们不免将其与"拉尼娜"这种极端天气现象联系起来.     

海底探索史话之发现大西洋中脊的故事(下)

希曾任名利场上的一场角力中败北,正当事业如日中天的时候.黯然退出历史舞台. 1966年6月2日,<纽约时报>登载了该报记者从莫斯科发回的一篇题为"生物演化与磁场的关系"的报道.文章说,生物演化与地球磁场有关是布鲁斯·希曾博士一项新的科学发现.奥泼代克博士、德拉戈斯拉夫·宁科维奇博士和吉米·黑斯博士等都是课题组的成员.消...     

东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区湿地资源评价

湿地是介于陆地与水体之间的过渡地带,是陆地上最大的碳储库和陆地生态系统循环的重要组成部分。但是,由于对湿地资源的严重破坏和不合理利用,湿地面积急剧减少。近年来,湿地资源评价已经倍受关注,湿地资源评价为实现湿地资源可持续利用,保持湿地功能持久性提供科学依据。本文通过对湿地生态系统的研究,从生态效益、社会效益、经济效益角度...     

Diurnal cycles of precipitation over subtropical China in IPCC AR5 AMIP simulations

Atmospheric Intercomparison Project simulations of the summertime diurnal cycle of precipitation and low-level winds over subtropical China by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report models were evaluated. By analyzing the diurnal variation of convective and stratiform components, results confirmed that major biases in rainfall diurnal cycles over subtropical China are due to convection parameterization and further pointed to the diurnal variation of convective rainfall being closely related to the closure of the convective scheme. All models captured the early-morning peak of total rainfall over the East China Sea, but most models had problems in simulating diurnal rainfall variations over land areas of subtropical China. When total rainfall was divided into stratiform and convective rainfall, all models successfully simulated the diurnal variation of stratiform rainfall with a maximum in the early morning. The models, overestimating noon-time （nocturnal） total rainfall over land, generally simulated too much convective rainfall, which peaked close to noon （midnight）, sharing some similarities in the closures of their deep convection schemes. The better performance of the Meteorological Research Institute atmospherer. ocean coupled global climate model version 3 （MRI-CGCM3） is attributed to the well captured ratio of the two kinds of rainfall, but not diurnal variations of the two components. Therefore, a proper ratio of convective and stratiform rainfall to total rainfall is also important to improve simulated diurnal rainfall variation.     

Impacts of two types of El Niño on atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere

Based on NCEP/NCAR （National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmo- spheric Research） reanalysis data from 1979 to 2010, the impacts of two types of E1 Nino on atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere （SH） are analyzed. It is shown thaL when a warming event occurs in the equatorial eastern Pacific （EP E1 Nino）, there is a negative sea level pressure （SLP） anomaly in the east- ern Pacific and a positive one in the western Pacific. Besides, there exists a negative anomaly between 40°S and 60°S and a positive anomaly to the south of 60°S. When a warming event in the central Pacific （CP E1 Nino） occurs, there appears a negative SLP anomaly in the central Pacific and a positive SLP anomaly in the eastern and western Pacific, but the SLP anomalies are not so evident in the SH extratropics. In particular, the Pacific-South America （PSA） pattern induced by the CP E1 Nino is located more northwestward, with a weaker anomaly compared with the EP E1 Nino. This difference is directly related with the different position of heating centers associated with the two types of E1 Nino events. Because the SST anomaly associated with CP E1 Nino is located more westward than that associated with EP El Nino, the related heating center tends to move westward and the response of SH atmospheric circulation to the tropical heating changes accordingly, thus exciting a different position of the PSA pattern. It is also noted that the local meridional cell plays a role in the SH high latitudes during EP E1 Nino. The anomalous ascending motion due to the enhancement of convection over the eastern Pacific leads to an enhancement of the local Hadley cell and the meridional cell in the middle and high latitudes, which in turn induces an anomalous descending motion and the related positive anomaly of geopotential height over the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea.     

伊宁苏勒萨依井田煤层中瓦斯的分布特征与富集规律

伊宁苏勒萨依井田各煤层为低变质烟煤,瓦斯含量相对较低,以二氧化碳-氮气带为主。在垂向上,瓦斯含量随深度增大总体呈增加之势;在横向上,瓦斯含量自西向东有逐渐升高趋势,其富集地段主要分布于皮里青背斜南冀68线和72线南部一带,建议在矿井开采中,重点监测该地段。严禁超通风能力生产,防止瓦斯大量聚集而引起事故。