中国近海浮游桡足类中华哲水蚤（Calanussinicus Brodsky）的分子系统地理学和种群遗传结构研究

Planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus is the dominant meso-zooplankton in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. To better understand its population dynamics and phylogeographic patterns, 243 C. sinicus individuals were collected from seven locations across the shelf waters of China and its population genetics was studied by mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I(mtCOI) sequences analyses. Thirty-nine different sequences, or haplotypes, were detected with moderate haplotype diversity(h=0.749) and low nucleotide diversity(π=0.003) for all populations. The evolutionary divergence between geographic populations varied from 0.24% to 0.37%, indicative of very limited genetic differentiation. Visualized minimum spanning network(MSN) and phylogenetic analysis of all the detected haplotypes did not reveal any clear phylogeographic pattern. Furthermore, AMOVA data showed no significant spatial population differentiation existed among the individuals collected across China shelf waters. Pairwise FST values showed that population collected from northwest of the East China Sea(ECS) displayed a low difference to other populations. Mismatch distribution analyses and neutrality tests indicated that C. sinicus might undergo a demographic/population expansion. No significant population genetic structuring was detected, indicating an extensive gene flow among the C. sinicus populations. Our results provide molecular evidence for the hypothesis that C. sinicus in the northwestern South China Sea in winter is transported from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea by the China Coastal Current during the northeast monsoon period.     

水清沙白堪比马代——随性游庙湾岛

<正>庙湾岛,是万山群岛最靠近南海的小岛,是一个尚未开发的旅游地。很少有人知道它的所在,不过在钓鱼人的心目中,庙湾岛可是东南亚享誉盛名的海钓天堂。有人说,庙湾岛是中国的马尔代夫,虽然未必真的比得上马尔代夫,不过以此形容它的纯净也不为过。庙湾岛位于南中国海,南临太平洋,东北距北尖岛1.1千米,北距香港48.8千米。虽然隶属于珠海市万山区,不过,离珠海大陆却是非常远,从珠海市香洲码头乘快船到庙湾岛,航程也需要约2个小时。这个小岛面积约2平方千米。风蚀海貌独特,岛     

东中国海台风浪分布特征研究

台风引起的大浪对海岸带及海洋工程有很大的影响。进行长时间序列的台风资料分析和台风浪模拟,对海岸带规划及海洋工程防护有一定的指导意义。本文利用西北太平洋热带气旋最佳路径数据集(CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集)中提供的台风信息,分别统计和分析了1949—2010年和1981—2010年出现在东中国海海域的台风的时间分布特征和空间分布特征,并将2个时间段的分布特征进行比较。利用高桥公式和藤田公式计算了1981—2010年间92次台风过程的气压场分布,进而计算出风场,把经过验证的风场做为驱动,通过SWAN模式计算出有效波高。经过与B22001号浮标实测资料的对比,模型计算风速和有效波高均与实测值符合较好。根据模拟计算结果,分析了东中国海海域台风浪有效波高的分布特征。     

东太平洋海隆热液区嗜热深海偏顶蛤 （Bathymodiolus thermophilus）的形态和分布特征

在2009-2010年的中国大洋第21航次环球科学考察中,"大洋一号"考察船对东太平洋海隆1.2°N周边新发现的"宝石山"热液区进行了综合调查,并利用我国自主研发的电视抓斗采集到了贻贝类样品,经形态学研究鉴定为嗜热深海偏顶蛤Bathymodiolus thermophilus,Kenk&Wilson,1985,这是此物种在该区域分布的新纪录。文章对样品进行了详细描述,并与其它海区发现的B.thermophilus进行了形态学上的比较和讨论。     

全球石油资源估计及对21世纪石油产量的预测

将地球沉积盖层作为统一的系统,对全球常规可采石油资源进行概率估计,并对21世纪末之前的全球石油产量进行预测。结果表明全球石油产量最有可能在2020—2030年间达到高峰,每年42～47亿吨。届时主要的产区将在波斯湾、西西伯利亚和东西伯利亚,上游部门的注意力将转向北极陆架。至少到2040年前,年产量将维持在42—45亿吨水平。     

A preliminary study of variations of the Changjiang Diluted Water between August of 1999 and 2006

A large area hypoxia has been already reported respectively by two interdisciplinary surveys off the Changjiang Estuary since summer of 1999 and 2006. The hypoxic zone shows distinct year-to-year variations. Observed oceanographic data are first analysized and reveal a big difference for the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) between these two periods. These great changes are related to the tremendous reduction of the freshwater discharge and variations of wind fields between these two years. It is also found that the monthly mean intrusion of Kuroshio and its branches has increased in the northern East China Sea (ECS), but decreased in the southern ECS in August of 2006 as compared with 1999 on the base of general circulation models. Then, the Regional Ocean Modelling Systems is applied to the East China Sea to evaluate the contributions and relative importance of impacts from the river discharge, wind forcing and open boundary data. Our simulations reproduce the phenomena that more fresh water extends northeastward in 2006 and forms a negative SSS anomaly to the northeast of the river mouth as compared with 1999, which is consistent with observations. The five group numerical tests suggest that the wind forcing dominates the CDW variations followed by the Kuroshio and its branches. The study implies important roles played by hydrodynamic processes on the variability of hypoxic zone in the study areas.     

俄罗斯-挪威北极石油区的地质演化

北极大陆架面积约2600&#215;10^4km2,这片广阔的大陆架地区被分为若干盆地和潜在油气区。俄罗斯北极区内有两大地块,即东部地块和西部地块。这两大地块均形成于陆壳基底之上,被Gakkel扩张脊和邻近的深水拗陷隔歼,并于晚元古代、泥盆纪、晚二叠世-二叠纪和白垩纪-早第三纪的裂陷作用阶段被多次改造。西部地块由巴伦支海一喀拉海陆架组成,且延伸至两拉普帖夫海;东部地块则由拉普贴夫海东部、东西伯利亚和Chukcha盆地所组成。     

东格陵兰盆地油气资源评价

东格陵兰盆地陆上和近海地区是目前北极与深水油气勘探的热点地区,但油气勘探程度和资源认识程度低。美国地质调查局(2000、2007年)油气资源评价结果表明该区具有很大的油气资源潜力,同时油气勘探具有高风险和不确定性。通过收集整理东格陵兰盆地、北海盆地油气地质资料及油气田勘探开发数据,从区域上对两个地区的油气成藏条件进行了对比,并采用地球化学方法与类比法,评价了东格陵兰盆地的油气资源潜力。东格陵兰盆地属于晚古生代—中生代的裂谷盆地,呈现两坳一隆的构造格局,与挪威陆架盆地在进入被动陆缘阶段之前具有相同的地质发育过程,沉积环境类似,共同经历古生代和中生代裂谷及裂后的热沉降。东格陵兰盆地发育晚古生代湖相烃源岩、上侏罗统海相烃源岩,储层主要为中侏罗统浅海相砂岩和白垩系深海浊积砂岩,圈闭类型主要为伸展构造圈闭、地垒断块圈闭、盐构造圈闭以及地层圈闭等。东格陵兰盆地油气成藏条件优越,油气资源潜力较大,具有较好的勘探前景。在影响东格陵兰盆地油气资源认识的诸多地质因素中,有利圈闭类型、必要数量的烃源岩以及油气生成条件和适当埋藏史还待进一步证实。     

利用经验正交函数数据插值法重构东中国海叶绿素a质量浓度场

利用经验正交函数数据插值法(Data INterpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions)重构由MODIS-Aqua卫星提供的三级产品叶绿素a质量浓度,得到了从2003—2009年东中国海叶绿素a质量浓度的月平均场。东中国海近岸叶绿素a质量浓度7 a平均值明显高于外海。对叶绿素a质量浓度季节平均场进行分析研究表明,东中国海叶绿素a质量浓度主要受长江径流、海表水温和季风的影响。对叶绿素a质量浓度异常场进行EOF分析表明,第一模态方差贡献为37.8％,空间分布显示,在长江口东北部出现叶绿素a质量浓度异常高值区,时间变化以半年和半年以下周期为主;第二模态方差贡献为21.4％,空间分布显示,在长江口东部出现叶绿素a质量浓度异常高值区,时间系数主要表现为年际变化。     

模糊数学法在海洋水质评价中的应用

根据福建东碇临时海洋倾倒区2007-2009年间实施的5次海水水质监测资料,应用模糊合成-加权平均复合模型对该区及周边海域水质进行综合评价,分析倾倒活动对水质的影响情况,并与单参数特征值法评价结果相比较.结果表明:应用模糊合成的原理,根据最大隶属度原则评价水质,体现了分级界限的模糊性,其评价结果较单参数特征值法更接近客...