关于粘土耐火度公式的修正

由于粘土中各种氧化物杂质对其耐火度影响程度的不同,因此在粘土耐火度公式中,统用ＲＯ来表示各种氧化物杂质的总量,并乘以相同的因子系数,这样势必会造成用此粘土耐火度公式计算的耐火度与真实值之间存在着较大的偏差。本文针对粘土耐火度公式所存在的问题,提出了此公式的修正公式,通过实验验正与误差分析,表明该修正公式更具准确性和实用性。同时,作者对修正公式的适用范围也进行了讨论。     

黄土高原黄土．和红粘土10Be地球化学特征

充分认识元素和同位素在不同环境条件下的地球化学行为,是运用元素和同位素示 踪环境变化的前提。对来自于黄土高原的黄土、古土壤和红粘土样品的宇宙成因核素¹⁰Be测量和化学成分分析,以及各种化学淋溶实验表明：¹⁰Be主要以吸附状态赋存于粉尘沉积物粘粒矿物的表面,部分已结合进自生的粘土矿物中;在粉尘沉积物风化过程中¹⁰Be与⁹Be和～的活动性相似,基本没有发生迁移,其原因是连续沉积的粉尘含有大量的碱性物质,阻止了…Be的解吸附和淋滤;沉积和风化作用导致了¹⁰Be浓度与化学指标在黄土-古土壤和红粘土剖面中的协同变化。     

粘土矿物钝化改性和钝化机理初步研究

在岩土工程中,进行灾害防治和软基处理的一个核心问题是把粘土矿物由亲水性改造成疏水性,抑制和降低其含水量,使得粘土遇水后不再吸水膨胀,从而保持土壤的稳定性。岩土力学工程中以保持土壤稳定性为目的对粘土的改性称为“钝化”。所谓钝化就是用 钝化剂与粘土矿物表面发生反应,改变粘土矿物的表面结构,提高憎水性,增加粘土整体的力学性质,从而达到稳定土体的目的。在粘土矿物钝化中表面活性剂是一个重要的组成部分 ,但是表面活性剂在固液界面的吸附,除决定于其本身的性质外,还决定于固体的性质、溶 液的pH值和温度等。因此,研究粘土矿物表面结构和性质以及与钝化剂的相互作用是提高粘 土矿物钝化效果的重要途经。利用近代分析方法（XRD、IR、Raman、MAS NMR、TEM、AFM和S EM）,对粘土矿物（高岭石、蒙脱石和伊利石）钝化前后的表面结构和性质进行了系统研究 ,并结合相关的土力学、工程力学参数的测定,阐明粘土矿物钝化的机理,剖析和研制粘土 矿物钝化剂,为解决各类工程和灾害问题中的土壤稳定提供理论依据。     

Micromorphology of surface crusts in the Knersvlakte, South Africa

Soils in the Knersvlakte are particularly prone to crusting and have lower inherent infiltrability than other soils across western southern Africa. Micromorphological techniques were used to examine the structure and porosity of soil crusts in the Knersvlakte to ascertain why crusting is so intense in this region. Quantile regression using boundary lines was employed to examine the relationships between infiltrability and soil properties for all samples （n = 67）. This analysis showed that infiltrability is potentially maximal at low water- dispersible ＇clay plus silt＇ content and low silt content （r^2 = 0.72 and 0.64; respectively, n = 67） （Figure 2）. The strength of crusts, pH, EC, clay mineralogy, and water-dispersible clay, silt and ＇clay plus silt＇ content were compared, and a pore analysis using optical microscopy was undertaken on images of six soil thin sections （n = 6） （circular and parallel polarizers）. Pore analysis was further undertaken on five horizontal slices of equal dimensions taken through each soil thin section. The porosity samples with low infiltrability （〈 100 mm·hr^-1, n = 4） had greater crust strength, lower porosity （both total and in the least porous slice） and greater water-dispersible ＇day plus silt＇ and silt content than the porosity samples with high infiltrability （〉 100mm·hr^-1, n = 2）. The porosity samples with low infiltrability showed a trend of lower pH and greater water dispersible clay percentage. Porosity varied within the porosity samples due to the presence of dense clay/silt bands （〈 0.5 mm in width） with relatively few air vesicles. The porosity samples with horizontal slices of low porosity （but large numbers of air vesicles） had low infiltrability, while those without slices of low porosity （and relatively few air vesicles） had high infiltrability. We conclude that the intense crusting and resultant low infiltrability of soils in the Knersvlakte appears to be related to the formation of thin, dense clay/silt bands in the pedoderm.     

Discussion on origin of clay minerals in outcropped sandstone from Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muling Formation in Jixi Basin

Clay minerals in the outcropped sandstone from Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muling Formation in Jixi Basin were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results show that the clay minerals mainly consist of illite, kaollinite and illite/smectite, which can be divided into two types： kaolinite- and illite/smectite types. The outcropped sandstone occurred in middle diagenetic stage-A on the basis of the clay mineral composition. The development factor of the formation of kaolinite type clay mineral is caused mainly by the organic acid from the coal-bearing formation and nmdstone during the diagenesis process in Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muling Formation in the Jixi Basin. The weak hydrodynamic force of sedimentary facies made the sandstone leaching condition poor, which is the reason forming the aggregation of clay minerals of the illite/ smectite-and illite types.     

盱眙凹凸棒石粘土开发现状与发展探讨

盱眙县有丰富的凹凸棒石粘土资源,10多年的开发利用取得了一定的经验和成效,但从总体上来看,目前在开采、加工、产品结构与质量上都存在着一些问题,尚未形成一定的生产规模和市场.在分析了市场需求和发展潜力后,提出了振兴盱眙凹凸棒石粘土产业非走深加工的路子不可的观点.要瞄准国际开发新动向,掌握信息技术,积极引进人才和技术,逐步更新设备,从源头抓起,不断提高产品的科技含量和附加值,形成特色产品和"拳头"产品去占领市场.     

论广西红粘土的胀缩性能

文章从由碳酸盐岩溶余堆积形成的红粘土引起产生的地裂、房裂等不良工程地质现象入手,以大量的实验资料为基础,指出广西红粘土的胶粒含量,可塑性指标高,具有较强的吸附能力和较强的亲水性,自由膨胀率接近或等于27%.论述了红粘土液限和塑限值在塑性图上的分布规律与一般膨胀土的分布规律相吻合,这种粘土应属于弱至中等级膨胀性粘土,并以收缩变形为其主要特征.     

慈利县局采取四条措施关闭实心粘土砖厂

慈利县按照国务院、省治理整顿矿产资源开发秩序的要求,加大限时禁止生产实心粘土砖的力度,对9个节能减排责任单位及3i个乡镇政府提出了强制禁止生产实心粘土砖、推广应用新型墙体材料的措施。一是对已被确定关闭的实心粘土砖生产企业逾期仍非法生产经营实心粘土砖的,采取拆除其生产设备和捣毁生产设施等强制关闭手段。     

大庆油田齐家-古龙地区扶余油层储层敏感性分析和预测

通过X射线和扫描电等方法，分析了扶余油层的敏感性和造成敏感性的原因，查明了储层中粘土矿物的含量，产状及分布特征。研究目的是为储层保护和改造提供依据。扶余油层中的粘土矿物主要有4种类型，即伊利石，高岭石，绿泥石以及不量混层粘土矿的，蒙皂石极少见。在相同的实验条件下，储层的速敏，水敏除与粘土矿物组成有关外，还受渗透视率制约。扶余油层速敏程度以中，强速敏为主，水敏程度以强水敏为主，其次为中水敏。     

中国含油气盆地粘土矿物的某些矿物学特征

本文总结归纳了２０多个含油气盆地粘土矿物的类型，讨论了８种较常见的、６种较少见的和３种极少见的粘土矿物的Ｘ射线衍射特征及其成分、形态和分布等方面的矿物学特征．