中国农业温室气体减排交易的机遇与挑战

 在介绍国际碳市场情况的基础上,总结潜在的农业温室气体减排交易项目类型,探讨中国如何在国际碳市场前景不明朗、自愿碳市场刚刚起步,以及国内实现节能减排目标和实施生态补偿机制的机遇中,克服农业温室气体减排项目所面临的单位减排量小、交易成本高、方法学和独立的第三方认证机构缺乏,以及国内交易平台尚不规范的困难,积极探索利用市场机制控制农业温室气体排放的方法。     

《气候变化研究进展》征稿细则

1.《气候变化研究进展》是受国家气候委员会委托,由中国气象局国家气候中心主办的气候变化领域内由自然科学和社会科学相结合的综合性学术刊物.2.本刊设有"气候系统变化"、"气候变化影响"、"气候变化适应"、"温室气体排放"     

Migration,filling history and geochemical characteristics of Ordovician natural gases in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin,Northwest China

Ordovician natural gases in the Tahe Oilfield are composed predominantly of hydrocarbon gases dominated by methane with a significant amount of heavy hydrocarbon gas component. The non-hydrocarbon gases include N₂, CO₂ and minor H₂S. The Ordovician natural gases are believed to have originated from the same source rocks, and are composite of gases differing in thermal maturity. Carbon dioxide was derived from thermal metamorphism of Ordovician carbonate rocks. The generation of natural gases involves multiple stages from mature normal oil and condensate-associated gas to thermally cracked gas at the maturity to over-maturity stages. In the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, the Ordovician natural gases appear to be filled in two major phases with a typical petroleum-associated gas from southeast to northwest and from east to west in the early stage; and a thermally cracked gas from east to west in the late stage. At the same time, the oil/gas filling boundary has been primarily established between the two stages.     

国家发改委正式批准“我国温室气体监测分析系统建设实施方案（一期）”立项

中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会2008年10月正式批准“我国温室气体监测分析系统建设实施方案（一期）”立项,总经费5700万。中国气象科学研究院按要求于10月底之前编制上报了2个子项目的可行性研究报告。2009年3月,中国气象局职能司召集中国气象科学研究院、台站人员在京召开研讨会,对可研报告集中补充和修订,     

气象科技动态

德预测未来10年气候变化趋势;法国科学家发现甲烷是导致全球变暖的“加速器”;“人工影响天气纳米复合催化剂”问世;科学家认为温室气体排放趋零方可拯救地球     

Interaction between source rock and evaporite： A case study of natural gas generation in the northern Dongying Depression

It is well known that oil generated from source rocks of saline-lake facies is characteristic of low Pr/Ph ratio and high contents of gammacerane. The authors found that gas generated from the same source rocks was high in benzene and cyclohexane contents and had light carbon isotope compositions. In this study, a series of thermal simulations of gas generations on source rock with/without evaporites (such as carbonate, gypsum, and sodium chlorite, respectively), were conducted. It was found that the gypsum played an important role on the catalyzsis of gas generation in the thermal simulations. Compositions of the gaseous hydrocarbons generated from source rocks with evaporites are very similar to those of natural gases discovered from northern Dongying Depression. Meanwhile, in the thermal simulations, it was found that the carbon isotopic compositions of gaseous hydrocarbons generated from source rocks with evaporites are lighter than those of the gases from source rocks without evaporites. Therefore, it is concluded that natural gases discovered from northern Dongying Depression are the product of interaction between source rocks and evaporites (especially gypsum) of the saline facies.     

濮阳地区土壤(断层)气特征研究

在地震地球化学前兆观测中,土壤(断层)气观测越来越受到重视。开展了利用水氡、水质、气体观测仪器设备进行土壤(断层)气的实验观测。对濮阳地区土壤(断层)气特征进行了研究。     

成煤母质形成环境对热成因煤层气氢碳同位素的影响:不同气候环境的草本沼泽泥炭热模拟实验

煤层气的成因研究可以为煤层气勘探与开发提供科学依据,然而,煤层气的氢碳同位素组成受多种因素的影响,以前较多的研究是成气母质性质和成熟度对煤层气氢碳同位素的影响,对于成煤物质形成的气候环境对热解煤层气同位素的影响尚不清楚.热解模拟了高纬度寒冷干旱和低纬度热带湿润环境的草本泥炭,对热解烃类气体的氢碳同位素组成及其差异性进行了研究.研究结果表明:与低纬度热带湿润环境中形成的草本泥炭相比较,高纬度寒冷干旱环境的草本泥炭热解甲烷、乙烷和丙烷具有轻的氢同位素组成和重的碳同位素组成,并且从泥炭连续热解至R_o分别为2.5%、3.5%和5.5%时,甲烷、乙烷和丙烷δD值分别平均降低-17‰~-10‰、-32‰~-28‰和-25‰~-17‰,甲烷和乙烷δ13C值分别平均升高2.9‰~3.6‰和0.9‰~1.1‰.认为这种同位素差异起因于气候环境对形成泥炭的植物氢碳同位素组成的影响.建立了高纬度寒冷干旱和低纬度热带湿润环境中形成的成煤有机质热解烃类气体氢碳同位素组成与R_o之间的关系式,同时也建立了烃类气体的碳和氢同位素之间的关系式.这些研究成果为不同气候环境下形成的成煤有机质生成的煤层气成因研究提供了科学依据.      

地下水中氡的不同存在形式及其映震效能差异性的研究

阐述了氡在地下水中的不同存在形式及不同形式氡的运移机理和传递地壳应力应变信息的机理，结合实际观测结果对其映震效能的差异性进行了研究。结果表明：逸出氡比溶解氡能更好地反映地壳的应力应变的变化，其映震效能明显高于溶解氡。因此，逸出氡可作为新的映震组分纳入水化台网观测，从而成为地震监测与预报的一种较有效的手段。     

全球生物地球化学循环研究的进展

简要介绍了全球元素生物地球化学循环研究的新进展。首先说明几十年来生物地球化学循环研究重点的转变，其次分析了当前研究的特点，这就是多层次地（时空及生态系统）进行实验和数学模拟并外推至全球，比经典的循环研究要细致得多。经典研究往往只是将定位点上的结果简单地外推到区域甚至全球。最后有选择地阐述了生物地球化学循环各领域（源、汇、转化过程、测量方法、模式等）内的发展趋势与热点，其中主要有农业生态系统含碳、氮痕量气体的源、遗漏的碳汇、碳、氮、硫、磷间的耦合作用、同位素丰度比及指示物的应用和氧化亚氮和甲烷释放模式。