字宙的早期温度探明

5月19日一个由印度天文学家领导的研究组宣布成功地测量出早期宇宙的温度,那时宇宙温度为零下264摄氏度,这比如今宇宙微波背景的零下270度略暖和一些。研究小组实际测量的是110亿光年之外一个类星体中一氧化碳的温度,他们测量了一氧化碳的波长,该波长受星系中气体温度的影响,而这些气体温度的加热则来自于宇宙微波背景辐射。     

玻璃基质表面的气体润湿性与其表面自由能关系

针对气相中憎液表面的气体润湿性常常被忽略,但理论和实验证实气体的润湿性并不总是可以被忽略,凝析气藏气体润湿程度对气井产能具有重要影响,根据Owens双液法建立固体表面自由能计算模型,并且结合自定义的气体润湿性参数实现定量表征气体润湿性的大小,导出固体表面的气体润湿性与表面自由能的数学关系式.采用氟碳聚合物(Zonyl8740)实现空气中"空气/水/载玻片"体系载玻片表面的优先气湿,随Zonyl8740质量分数的增大"正十六烷/空气/载玻片"体系载玻片表面的气湿性增强.     

Value estimation of greenhouse gases exchange in wetland ecosystem of Sanjiang Plain, China

The objective of this study is to quantify the values of greenhouse gases (GHGs) exchange in carbon equivalents of marshes and paddy fields in the Sanjiang Plain, Heilongjiang Province, China. We obtained the GHGs exchange values based on comparable price by calculating the carbon sequestration values and the GHGs emission values of marshes and paddy fields respectively in four periods of 1982, 1995, 2000 and 2005. It is noted that the GHGs emission values are always negative. In this study, the marshes areas decreased from 1438977.0 to 775,132.2ha and the paddy fields areas increased from 417195.8 to 934205.0ha. The values of GHGs exchange of marshes varied from 135877.156×106 to 136882.534×106 yuan (RMB) and those of paddy fields varied from 1006.256×106 to 2767.645×106 yuan. The GHGs exchange values of marshes decreased from 1982 to 2005 on the whole, reversely, those of paddy fields increased, but those in 2005 were lower than those in 2000. In different periods, the GHGs exchange values were always higher in marshes than in paddy fields. The contribution rate of GHGs exchange values per unit area of marshes was also very high in different periods, and the maximum was up to 98.35% in 2005. As far as the whole wetland ecosystem (including marshes and paddy fields), assuming a linear change in GHGs exchange values, it represented a cumulative increase of 20926.757×106 yuan from 1982 to 2005. By adding GHGs exchange values increased during those four periods, we obtained a cumulative net increase values of GHGs exchange of wetland ecosystem of 18200.860×106 yuan. The results will be useful for understanding the indirect services provided by marshes and paddy fields.     

GSM短信预警的智能家居服务系统设计

针对家居水表流量和有害气体浓度无法实时监控问题,设计一种监控水表流量和有害气体浓度的实用智能家居服务系统.该系统以ARM9作为主控处理器,采用无线方式读取水表数据,采用CAN总线接收有害气体浓度信息,通过GSM短信模块实现与手机终端的双工通信;可以通过手机短信设置用水量信息,当需要购买水费或有害气体浓度超标时,业主能够得到及时提示,从而实现对水表流量和有害气体浓度的实时监控.     

放射性γ能谱测量在住宅区的应用

氡是自然界天然存在的放射性气体,主要有222Rn、220Rn等放射性同位素,前者来自238U放射性系列,后者来自232Th放射性系列,它们是产生环境辐射的主要来源。环境辐射主要有两大类,一是伽玛射线辐射,它们主要对人体产生伽玛射线外照射,当人们长期生活居住在高水平的伽玛辐射环境中,会影响机体的血液等敏感器官的功能;另一类是放射性气体氡,它会随着人们的呼吸进入体内,长期生活在高浓度氡的环境中,会影响机体内部的功能。放射性核素属于造岩元素,是与地球的形成和运行共生的,它们广泛存在于岩石、土壤、空气和水中。它们一般含量极低,不会对人类造成危害,但当它们相对集中和富集达到一定限度时,就会有损人体的健康。     

家居装修放射性及有毒有害气体的来源危害及检测

随着人们生活水平的提高和科学技术的发展，居住环境的放射性水平及室内有毒有害气体的污染程度已经成为人们关注的问题。国外早已制定了相应的标准，对人类的生活环境进行辐射及有毒有害气体检测。我国政府也先后发布了多项有关人类生活环境放射性辐射及有毒有害气体检测标准，近年来又再次将建筑工程材料的放射性水平作了强制性检测规定。重视人们的生活居住环境，     

街区突发性泄漏的气体扩散过程仿真技术的集成试验

突发性泄漏事故已成为我国城市公共安全的一个潜在威胁.本文以福建省福州市某街区为案例,采用高分辨率遥感影像、各种敏感目标和人口的分布信息等空间数据,利用事件触发机制,建立基础数据库与虚拟现实仿真试验平台.针对威胁城市公共安全的突发性泄漏事故,选择一种适合城市街区尺度的点源气体扩散模型与GIS集成,以构建泄漏气体扩散的三维...     

Prediction of China＇s Submerged Coastal Areas by Sea Level Rise due to Climate Change

Based on the simulation with the Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Model CCSM and Ocean Model POP under the green- house gas emission scenario of the IPCC SRES A2 （IPCC, 2001）, and on the earth crust subsidence and glacier melting data, the relative sea level change is obtained along the coast of China in the 21 st century. Using the SRTM elevation data the submergence of coastal low land is calculated under the extreme water level with a 100-year retum period. The total flooding areas are 98.3× 10^3 and 104.9× 10^3 km2 for 2050 and 2080, respectively. For the three regions most vulnerable to extreme sea level rise, i.e., the coast of Bohai Bay, the Yangtze River Delta together with neighboring Jiangsu Province and northern Zhejiang Province, and the Pearl River Delta, the flooded areas are 5.0× 10^3, 64.1×10^3 and 15.3 × 10^3 km2 in 2050 and 5.2 × 10^3, 67.8×10^3 and 17.2 × 10^3 km2 in 2080, respectively.     

星际气体之谜

星系中除了恒星,还有一个重要的组成部分就是恒星间的星际介质。星际介质又叫星际物质,包括气体、尘埃、磁场、宇宙线等。天文学家们最先关注的就是无处不在的星际气体。     

解密星际尘埃

在之前的文章中,我们介绍了星际气体（2009年第5期）,这一期将讲到星际介质的另一大类——星际尘埃。星际尘埃尽管所占比重非常非常小（只有星际气体质量的1％）,但所起的作用却是很大的。它们可以影响星系的演化过程,同时也是星系光谱的塑造者之一：尘埃吸收的高频光子会在红外到毫米波段再辐射出来。