区域采样法测定水中硫酸根离子的研究

在分散度不同的区域内进行区域采样用于水中硫酸根离子的测定，结果令人满意。应用此方法测定硫酸根离子的线性范围为２００．０～３０００ｍｇ／Ｌ；进样频率为１２０次／ｈ；相对标准偏差为１．７０％     

Sorption Characteristics of Rare Earth Element Eu^3＋ onto Silica-Water Interfaces Studied by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

The sorption of Eu species onto nano-size silica-water interfaces was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy for Ph ranges of 1-8.5 and an initial Eu concentration (Ceu) of 2×10-4 M. The sorption rate of Eu was initially low, but significantly increased at Ph>4. The sorption density of Eu species on a silica surface was ～1.58×10-7 mol/m2 when the dissolved Eu species were completely sorbed onto silica-water interfaces at Ph=～5.8. The sorbed Eu species at Ph<6 is aquo Eu3 , which is sorbed onto silica-water interfaces as an outer-sphere complex at Ph<5, but may be sorbed as an inner-sphere bidentate complex at 5相似文献   

Ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation of asphaltenes and oil-source correlation of heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tahe oilfields in the Tarim Basin, NW China

The identification of marine source rocks in the Tarim Basin is debated vigorously. The intention of this paper is to investigate the asphahenes in heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tabe oilfields and Well TD2 with ruthenium-ions-catalyzed oxidation technique (RICO), in order to explore its role in oil-oil and oil-source correlations, The RICO products included n-alkanoic acids, α,ω-di-n-alkanoic acids, branched alkanoic acids, tricyclic terpanoic acids, hopanoic acids, gammacerane carboxylic acid , regular sterane carboxylic acids and 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids. The n-alkyl chains and biomarkers bounded on the asphaltenes were of unsusceptibility to biodegradation. The distribution and absolute concentrations of n-alkanoic acids in the RICO products of heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tabe oilfields are different from those of Well TD2. The biomarkers bounded on the asphahenes, especially steranes, have a distribution trend similar to that of the counterparts in saturates. The sterane carboxylic acids and 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids in the RICO products of heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tahe oilfields, dominated by C30 sterane and C31 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids, respectively, are significantly different from those of the heavy oils of Well TD2, whose dominating sterane and 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids are C28 sterane and C29 4-methylsterane acids, respectively. The RICO products of the asphaltenes further indicate that the Middle-Upper Ordovician may be the main source rocks for heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tabe oilfields.     

Water soluble components of PM10 Chongqing, China

The concentrations of water soluble ions (Na⁺, NH₄ ⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃ ^-, Cl^-, and SO ₄ ^2- ) in PM₁₀ samples collected on cellulose filters by a medium-volume cascade impactor were determined, which were obtained from three kinds of areas in Chongqing: industrial area (Jiulongpo district), commercial and residential area (Jiangbei district) and background area (Jinyun Mountain in the Beibei district). The results showed that except for the background site, the annual average values of PM₁₀ are 23% – 61% higher than the national air quality standard (GradeII) (0.1 mg/m³), even that the value of the control site is still 20% higher than American standard (0.05 mg/m³). This implied that serious pollution of fine particles occurred in Chongqing. Nine kinds of soluble ions in water of PM₁₀ were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) and the annual average concentrations follow the order of [SO ₄ ^2- ] > [NO³ _-] > [Cl^-] > [F^-], and [Ca²⁺] > [NH₄ ⁺] > [K⁺] > [Na⁺] > [Mg²⁺]. Their values were different in these areas: the industrial area > the commercial and living area > the control area. As for NH_{4 +}, K⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃ ^- and SO ₄ ^2- , their seasonal average concentrations show a similar variation trend: the values in spring and fall were higher than those in summer and winter. The seasonal average concentrations of [Cl^-], [F^-], [Na⁺] and [Mg²⁺] are much lower than those of other ions. However, the concentrations of [Na⁺] changed more greatly in different seasons than those of the other three ions. Correlation coefficients showed that the three areas have been polluted by coal smoke and dust to different extents, while some local resources of pollution should be taken into consideration as well.     

浓硫酸钠水溶液中的离子对

不同浓度的Na2SO4水溶液的拉曼光谱显示了SO42-的四个拉曼活性带:980 cm-1处的SO42-的对称伸缩振动模式v1带,1 106 cm-1处的反对称伸缩振动模式v3带,448 cm-1处的变形振动模式v2带和617 cm-1处的变形振动模式v4带。482 cm-1处的肩膀峰是由于NaSO4-离子对的形成对448 cm-1的v2带的影响而形成的SO42-的一个新的振动峰。浓Na2SO4水溶液中,水共享离子对[Na+.H2O.SO42-]-是主要的离子对物种。随着Na2SO4水溶液浓度的增加,Na+和SO42-的相互作用增强,NaSO4-离子对所占的摩尔分数增加。     

广西大容山离子吸附型高铕高钇重稀土矿的发现及勘探意义

近年在广西境内发现众多离子吸附型稀土矿床,离子吸附型稀土矿矿床类型与其成矿母岩岩浆岩演化历程息息相关。新类型的发现不仅丰富了研究该地区稀土矿成矿理论,还延伸了这类矿床的找矿意义。本文首先介绍了新发现的高铕高钇重稀土矿的特征,结合这类矿床的配分类型,探讨了这类矿床的勘探意义。     

膨胀土的电导率与膨胀性的关系研究EI北大核心CSCD

膨胀土是一种高塑性、强亲水的黏性土。由于黏土矿物含量较高,膨胀土颗粒的交换阳离子含量也较高,总比表面积较大,在电导率测试指标上反映是膨胀土的导电性随膨胀性的增大而增强。选取强、中、弱3种不同膨胀等级的代表性试样,采用无电极电阻率测定仪和便携式电导率探头,测试了膨胀土泥浆和孔隙水溶液电导率测试,采用原子吸收光谱仪检测了膨胀土孔隙水溶液中的离子种类、含量等。研究表明,膨胀土孔隙水溶液的导电性与膨胀土泥浆的导电性均随膨胀性增大而增大,膨胀土的电导率和自由膨胀率具有良好的线性关系,工程中可以利用这一原理进行膨胀土的快速判别。     

兴蒙造山带—华北克拉通地球化学走廊带沉积物主成分的含量与空间分布研究

选取兴蒙造山带—华北克拉通地球化学走廊带上沉积物的SiO_2、Al_2O_3、CaO、MgO、Na_2O、K_2O、TFe_2O_3、FeO、TiO_2、MnO、P_2O_5、CO_2、H_2O~+、pH十四个指标,研究其在不同二级构造单元、地理景观、土壤类型、降雨量等级下的含量与空间分布特征,并讨论该地球化学走廊带上化学蚀变指数。结果表明:在兴蒙造山带—华北克拉通地球化学走廊带上,作为沉积物主体的SiO_2、Al_2O_3两者含量为明显负相关而空间分布表现出此消彼长的特征;CaO、MgO、CO_2高含量分布区则与碳酸盐岩地层或含碳酸盐矿物的土壤有关,而MgO的高含量还与走廊带上镁铁质基性-超基性岩有一定关系,表明了这三个指标的高含量受特定岩性或矿物的影响较大;Na_2O、K_2O含量除了受继承的基岩影响外,还受到后期的风化作用和气候及自身地球化学性质等复杂因素综合影响,对Na_2O来说尤为如此;TFe_2O_3、MnO、TiO_2、P_2O_5相对于在地质背景复杂地段,经过冲积平原的沉积物混匀后,含量差异更小;相对干冷的内蒙古半干旱草原的气候条件有利于FeO存在,使得其相对燕山地区含量差异较TFe_2O_3要小,在章丘以南相对温暖湿润地区更易被氧化而导致其含量整体较低;北方干冷气候条件下,沉积物H_2O~+含量普遍较低,局部高含量位于碳酸盐岩地层或第四系分布区;走廊带上的pH值反映了沉积物偏碱性的特征,而在章丘以南的地区随着降雨量的增加,相对温暖湿润的气候条件,沉积物pH值表现为中性-偏弱酸性;兴蒙造山带—华北克拉通地球化学走廊带沉积物的CIA值反映出在寒冷、干燥气候条件下低等的化学风化程度,兴蒙造山带沉积物平均风化程度相对华北克拉通沉积物的平均风化程度差异变化相对要小,显示兴蒙造山带的降雨量与温度等风化影响因素变化较小。作为反映元素的地球化学亲和性的量化指标,离子电位可以更好地帮助理解沉积物元素的含量和空间分布差异。     

渝东五峰组-龙马溪组页岩矿物成分与孔隙特征分析

页岩的矿物成分和孔隙特征对页岩气成藏和开采具有重要意义。四川盆地渝东石柱县打风坳地区五峰组-龙马溪组富有机质页岩广泛发育,应用X射线衍射技术对其矿物成分特征进行研究,发现五峰组-龙马溪组页岩矿物成分包含石英、长石、方解石、白云石、黄铁矿、伊利石、伊/蒙混层和绿泥石。脆性矿物含量(50%)和黏土矿物组合特征表明五峰组-龙马溪组是宜于页岩气形成与开采的有利层位。应用氩离子抛光-扫描电镜方法对页岩微纳孔隙特征展开研究,发现无机孔、微裂缝和有机孔3种孔隙类型。无机孔主要包括粒间孔、黄铁矿晶间孔、黏土矿物层间孔和溶蚀孔,孔径数百纳米至数微米;微裂缝包括构造裂缝和解理缝,缝长集中于3~10μm,缝宽数百纳米。有机孔主要发育在有机质内部,呈片麻状或蜂窝状,孔径30~200 nm,连通性较好。总体而言,五峰组页岩中最主要的孔隙类型是溶蚀孔,龙马溪组页岩中主要发育粒间孔和有机孔。     

高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱法测定海洋微藻藻粉中的8种脂溶性毒素

建立了利用高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱(HPLC-ESI-IT-MS)测定海洋微藻藻粉中8种典型脂溶性毒素的分析方法。藻粉样品经超声细胞破碎后,采用超声波辅助提取法对藻毒素进行提取,用HPLC-ESI-IT-MS多反应离子监测(MRM)模式对各种毒素(包括大田软海绵酸(OA)、鳍藻毒素1(DTX-1)、扇贝毒素2(PTX-2)、虾夷扇贝毒素(YTX)、原多甲藻酸1(AZA1)原多甲藻酸2(AZA2)、罗环内酯毒素(SPX),米氏裸甲藻毒素(GYM))进行测定。8种脂溶性藻毒素均在线性范围内线性关系良好(R2均在0.991以上),检出限均介于0.085～1.315 pg之间,加标回收率在88.5%～111.4%之间,方法重复性相对标准偏差(RSD)在4.82%～10.17%范围。应用该方法对利玛原甲藻干藻粉中的毒素进行了测定,分析结果良好,说明本方法是海洋微藻藻粉中脂溶性藻毒素测定的有效方法。