四川丹巴白云母矿山公园矿业遗迹资源特征及评价

四川丹巴白云母矿是我国开发最早的白云母矿之一。在悠久的开采历史中遗存下了十分丰富的矿业遗迹,成为该公园建设的基础。这些遗迹典型、稀有,系统完整,科学价值高,组合独特,具有很高的历史文化价值。此外,公园内配套的自然人文景观丰富,旅游区位条件良好,矿业遗迹开发价值巨大。     

贯通式潜孔锤新技术在矿山勘探中的应用试验

针对栾川钼矿复杂地层勘探遇到的技术难题,采用贯通式潜孔锤全孔反循环钻进工艺方法,对钻进中遇到的开孔难、漏失严重、活塞断裂等技术问题,进行了工艺研究、设计方案改进。试验表明,该技术方法具有岩芯(样)采取率高、钻进速度快的特点。     

长江学者、国家杰出青年基金获得者 吴立新教授

吴立新教授生于1966年,江西宜春人,九三社员,中共党员,中国矿业大学(北京)3S与沉陷工程研究所所长,东北大学3S与数字矿山研究中心主任,九三中央文化教育委员会委员。1998年获煤炭部“中国煤炭青年科技奖”,2000年获教育部、国务院学位委员会“全国百篇优秀博士学位论文奖”,200     

Mercury emission from the indigenous mercury smelting in Wuchuan mercury mining areas, Guizhou Province, China

Mercury smelting is one of the important anthropogenic atmospheric mercury emission sources. Small-scale mercury smelting activities with indigenous method which is considered illegal and forbidden by local government always extensively existed in the Wuchuan area, northeastern Guizhou Province, China. Because of the simple processes without any environmental protection, a large amount of mercury vapor released to the ambient air during the processing of cinnabar roasting. By determining mercury concentrations in mercury ore and smelting slag samples, a mass balance method was used to calculate mercury emission factors and annual mercury emission from indigenous mercury smelting in Wuchuan mercury mining areas, Guizhou Province, China. The mercury emission factors ranged from 6.9% to 32.1% with the recovery from 78.4% to 93.6% and the annual mercury emission was up to 3.7-9.6 metric tons. The results highlighted that the indigenous mercury smelting was one of the most important anthropogenic atmospheric mercury emission sources in this region.     

Investigation of lead and zinc dispersion from an abandoned mine site at Tyndrum, Scotland, using tree bark measurements

Tyndrum was an industrial mining area from 1741 until the 1920s where the main ores extracted were lead sulphide （galena） and zinc sulphide （sphalarite）. Situated in central Scotland, the now deserted site is identified as a highly polluted, barren area where the original waste residues from the mine, an ore processing and a smelting site are clearly evident. Previous studies have suggested that high levels of lead and zinc contaminants are still dispersed from this former mine site, both atmospherically and through fluvial transport. For example, high concentrations of Pb, identified by its isotopic signature as originating in Tyndrum, have been found in sediments in Loch Tay, 25 km east of this area. This paper presents the results of a study of the occurrence and magnitude of airborne contamination by dispersion from the former mine site using measurements of metal concentrations in tree bark. These naturally occurring ‘bio monitors＇, which accumulate airborne materials including heavy metals, have become an effective alternative to the more costly air-filter system, which is restricted in scope and coverage. Bark samples were acquired from Scots pine （Pinus sylvestris） trees, which are abundant around the derelict mine site. Suitable locations were chosen to investigate atmospheric transport and deposition of contaminants within the area.     

Chemical origin of acid mine drainage and its computer simulation with Phreeqc——-A case study of Zibo coal mining district

Research on the origin of acid mine drainage （AMD） is helpful to find a way to avoid and remediate AMD and its pollution. AMD is mainly from pyrite （FeS2）-containing minerals （such as coal and ore） during mining process and reproduction, and is common and dangerous to water environment in the world. The results of research showed that ions of calcium and magnesium in AMD came mainly from calcite and dolomite. To my knowledge, other sources （such as chlorite） for the ions and their chemical origin were not studied. In this paper, the AMD in the Zibo coal-mining district as a case, its chemical characteristics and its origin were determined. And based on the analysis of the regional geological conditions, Phreeqc was used to stimulate the AMD＇s chemical origin. The results showed that acidification and neutralization are two processes, and the characteristics depended upon chemical reactions that occurred in the two processes. In the AMD, sulfate ion came from FeS2 and is an indicator of acid process, and ions of calcium and magnesium originated from calcite and chlorite and were indicators of neutral process.     

我国矿山测量的十五年回顾与新时期的任务

全面反思我国矿山测量15年的发展历程,客观分析面临的形势,在此基础上提出新时期的历史使命和任务。认为十五年来受市场经济体制改革、高等教育改革、资源管理体制改革以及测绘新技术新理论等的影响,我国矿山测量事业走过了一段艰苦的历程。新时期它又面对着煤矿安全生产、资源集约节约利用、矿山循环经济建设、绿色开采等新形势与理念的挑战。为此,矿山测量需要修订相关技术规程规范、建立矿区资源与环境信息系统、研制矿山测量自动化系统、大力发展高等职业教育和建立矿山测量师的培训机构等。     

地震学在减轻矿山地质灾害中的应用进展

综述了煤矿安全对于地球物理应用的需求,以及近年来地震学在煤矿减轻地质灾害的应用进展,特别是微震监测分析在若干典型煤矿应用得到的初步成果。这些成果不但对于煤矿安全具有重要意义,而且对于认识构造地震成因和验证预测方法,也具有中尺度试验意义。     

对矿类专业毕业生“断层”现象的思考与对策

在社会经济体制转型的过程中,矿类专业毕业生出现了人才的“断层”现象。通过对矿类专业人才“断层”现象形成的原因进行分析,认为缓解目前矿类专业人才短缺现象,要以矿山为主体采取内培外引、努力服务、“订单式”培养方式,长期克服类似的人才“断层”现象要以高校为主体,主动调整专业结构和招生规模,培养复合型人才校企合作,多形式、多渠道培养企业所需人才。     

福建省矿山环境现状及区划研究

根据福建省矿山环境现状、地质环境条件、矿产资源开发利用规划、矿山环境恢复治理难易程度等矿山地质环境问题评价因子,采用加权指数模型,通过对各因子的评判、叠加,圈出矿山地质环境质量指数等值线,将福建省矿山地质环境划分为严重区、较严重区、一般区等3个区域。