黄海冷水团可培养细菌的多样性研究

本文研究了2008年7月黄海冷水团海域可培养细菌的多样性。AODC和DVC计数总菌数和活菌数分别为(1.3~4.8)×105/mL和(0.6~1.6)×105/mL;2216E平板以菌落计数法可培养细菌浓度为(0.56~2.2)×103cfu/mL。从分离到的475株中选取163株进行16S rDNA扩增,并用HhaⅠ酶进行ARDRA(扩增性rDNA限制酶切片段分析)多态性分析,取114株不同带型测序。结果显示,冷水团细菌归为4个细菌类群:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Acti-nobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),共24个属,其中包括α-,β-,γ-变形菌纲;非冷水团细菌也归为这4个门类,共15个属,但未分离到β-变形菌纲。γ-变形菌纲在冷水团和非冷水团区域的不同深度都是优势菌群,不同的是冷水团区域α-变形菌纲比例较高(26.8%),而非冷水团区域α-变形菌纲比例相对较低(15.6%)。这表明黄海冷水团和非冷水团区域细菌多样性都很丰富,但其群落组成和优势菌群有所不同。此外,16S rDNA测序结果表明,6株细菌可能为海洋细菌新种。     

海洋环境中的厌氧氨氧化细菌与厌氧氨氧化作用

厌氧氨氧化是细菌在厌氧条件下将氨氮氧化成氮气的过程,主要应用在污水处理反应器中,最近几年发现在海洋环境中也广泛存在,并在海洋氮循环过程中发挥了重要作用,代表了海洋中一个巨大的氮汇,对碳循环和全球气候变化也有重要影响.梯烷膜脂结构独特,是厌氧氨氧化细菌的化学生物标志物,具有化学分类与古海洋学应用潜力.厌氧氨氧化作用及厌氧...     

黄海春季海洋病毒的空间分布特征

采用荧光显微技术,报道了春季(2006年4月)海洋病毒丰度在黄海的空间分布,分析了病毒丰度与细菌丰度、叶绿素α浓度、温度和盐度的相关关系.研究结果表明,黄海表层水中病毒丰度的变化范围为1.08x107～9.90x107个/mL,平均值是5.62×107个/mL土2.28x107个/mL,细菌丰度的变化范围为0.01×1...     

多联细菌疫苗预防儿童呼吸道感染临床效果观察

目的 研究多联细菌疫苗(兰菌净)预防儿童呼吸道感染的临床疗效.方法 将反复呼吸道感染的患儿分为试验组和对照组,试验组给予舌下滴人多联细菌疫苗,随访观察12周,记录相关临床指标并采集患儿唾液检测sIgA含量,比较其接种前后的差异.对照组随访12周,进行相应记录和检测,比较2组对象的差异.结果 试验组患儿接种后月平均呼吸道感染天数、发热天数、咽痛天数、咳嗽天数均较接种前显著减少;唾液sIgA在随访第4、8、12周均比首次接种前提高(P＜0.01).对照组患儿随访12周时月平均呼吸道感染天数、发热天数、咽痛天数、咳嗽天数均高于对照组(P＜0.01);试验组患儿随访12周时唾液sIgA高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 多联细菌疫苗有助于降低儿童反复呼吸道感染,可在该人群中推广应用.     

Phosphorus budget of redeye mullet （Liza haematocheila T. ＆ S.） under graded feeding levels

Experiment on phosphorus budget of redeye mullet （Liza haematocheila T. ＆ S.） was conducted at water temperature 21℃ and salinity 33. The results showed that the growth phosphorus （phosphorus that allocated into growth, GP） increased from -30.84% to 15.83% by feeding on graded amount of diets （starvation, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% body weight and satiation）. The GP linearly increased with feeding levels （FL） as GP （mg） = - 0.785 ＋ 0.604 FL, and at satiation the relationship between GP and body weight （BW） was GP （mg） = 1,5991 BW0.7685. In the budget, IP （intake phosphorus） = GP ＋ FP （faecal phosphorus） ＋ EP （excretion phosphorus）. FP showed an irregular tendency with different feeding levels, and EP decreased with increasing feeding levels but rebound at satiation. The P budget at satiation was 100IP = 15.84 GP ＋ 64.62 FP ＋ 19.55 EP.     

Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Tissue Nutrition and Biomass of Freshwater Wetland Plant in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

1 Introduction It has been reported that habitat nutrient availability frequently limited plant growth and determined species dominance and abundance in natural communities (Miao et al., 2000). Nutrient availability is also a main regulator of aquatic primary production. Human-induced nutrient enrichment results in die-back of native vegetation and alteration of species dominance in various aquatic eco- systems (Miao et al., 2000; Green and Galatowitsch, 2002). Particularly, nutrient enrichm…     

大亚湾网箱养殖区异养细菌和弧菌的数量动态

研究了大亚湾网箱养殖水体中细菌的数量动态,以探讨其变化规律与鱼病的关系。结果表明:总细菌、弧菌的数量变化各异,网箱内、网箱外和对照海区细菌数量分布与变化不同。养殖区异养细菌丰值期在4-5月份,5月份最高;网箱水体弧菌的丰值期在6-11月,最高在8月;网箱外丰值期在7-9月,最高在8月,对照海区最高值在9月,其他时间变化不大。无论是异养菌还是弧菌,细菌值大小顺序为网箱内、网箱外、对照海区。弧菌数量与部分环境因子相关性较为密切,但相关程度随不同空间而不同,可能受其他环境条件影响。弧菌的高值期与弧菌病的流行期相吻合,鱼体受伤或其他原因引起细菌感染也会使水体中细菌数量升高。     

Forms and Balance of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Cage Culture Waters in Guangdong Province, China

In order to approach the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution caused by cage culture and the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus during the process of cage culture, a monitoring was conducted in Daya Bay of Guangdong Province, China from April 2002 to Jane 2003. The results show that the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) in the waters at the sites with five and ten years of cage culture history are 1.8 and 2.3 times of that at control site respectively. Ammonium (NH3-N) is the main form of nitrogen in spring while nitrate ( NO3 -) in winter. The concentrations of TN, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) are highest in autumn. The concentration of phosphorus increases with the increasing of the culturing time, among which phosphate ( PO 34-) increases most obviously. The concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) are highest in autumn. The nitrogen and phosphorus are accumulated significantly in the sediment of cage culture area. The model of N balance in the cage culture area: bait (70.62%) fry (0.28%) input by tide (14.8%) release from sediment (14.3%) = harvest of adult fish (12.07%) deposition into sediment (28.75%) output by tide (56.18%) others (3.00%). The model of P balance: bait (83.11%) fry (0.17%) input by tide (12.23%) release from sediment (4.49%) = harvest of adult fish (8.43%) deposition into sediment (48.59%) output by tide (41.94%) others (1.04%). In one fish growth year, the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in harvest of adult fish are only 17.0% and 10.1% of the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in fish bait and fry, wherein 83% of nitrogen and more than 89% of phosphorus in fish bait became marine pollutants.