Examination of Silicate Limitation of Primary Production in Jiaozhou Bay,North China：Ⅲ.Judgment Method ,Rules and Uniqueness of Nutrient Limitation Among N,P,and Si

Analysis and comparison of Jiaozhou Bay data collected from May 1991 to February 1994 (12 seasonal investigations) provided by the Ecological Station of Jiaozhou Bay revealed the characteristic spatiotemporal variation of the ambient concentration Si∶DIN and Si∶16P ratios and the seasonal variation of Jiaozhou Bay Si∶DIN and Si∶16P ratios showing that the Si∶DIN ratios were <1 throughout the year in Jiaozhou Bay; and that the Si∶16P ratios were <1 throughout Jiaozhou Bay in spring, autumn and winter. The results proved that silicate limited phytoplankton growth in spring, autumn and winter in Jiaozhou Bay. Analysis of the Si∶DIN and Si∶P ratios showed that the nutrient Si has been limiting the growth of phytoplankton throughout the year in some Jiaozhou Bay waters; and that the silicate deficiency changed the phytoplankton assemblage structure. Analysis of discontinuous 1962 to 1998 nutrient data showed that there was no N or P limitation of phytoplankton growth in that period. The authors consider that the annual cyclic change of silicate limits phytoplankton growth in spring, autumn and winter every year in Jiaozhou Bay; and that in many Jiaozhou Bay waters where the phytoplankton as the predominant species need a great amount of silicate, analysis of the nutrients N or P limitation of phytoplankton growth relying only on the N and P nutrients and DIN∶P ratio could yield inaccurate conclusions. The results obtained by applying the rules of absolute and relative limitation fully support this view. The authors consider that the main function of nutrient silicon is to regulate and control the mechanism of the phytoplankton growth process in the ecological system in estuaries, bays and the sea. The authors consider that according to the evolution theory of Darwin, continuous environmental pressure gradually changes the phytoplankton assemblage's structure and the physiology of diatoms. Diatoms requiring a great deal of silicon either constantly decrease or reduce their requirement for silicon. This will cause a series of huge changes in the ecosystem so that the whole ecosystem requires continuous renewal, change and balancing. Human beings have to reduce marine pollution and enhance the capacity of continental sources to transport silicon to sustain the continuity and stability in the marine ecosystem. This study was funded by the NSFC (No. 40036010) and subsidized by Special Funds from the National Key Basic Research Program of P. R. China (G199990437), the Postdoctoral Foundation of Ocean University of Qingdao, the Director's Foundation of the Beihai Monitoring Center of the State Oceanic Administration and the Foundation of Shanghai Fisheries University.     

内陆水域磷浓度预报模式及其应用

湖泊、水库是开放型的生态系,营养物质不断地从外界输入,并在系统内循环,其中一部分又以不同的形式输出。磷是大多数内陆水域的限制性营养元素,这一点早已为人们所重视。由于磷在水域中的存在形式、循环过程及时空分布复杂多变,且受多方面因素的影响,为了得出整体性的结论,需要建立有若干参数的数学模式。在这方面,国外学者已做了大量     

银-二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠法测定铁矿石中砷溶样方式的改进

改进了铁矿石样品溶解方法，尝试用硫-磷混酸溶解铁矿石样品，缩短了分析时间，提高了分析精度。溶解后的样品以银-二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠法（Ag—DDTC）用于部级标准物质测定，砷的测定结果与标准值相符；用于碱性矿石如球团样品中砷的分析，多名操作者的测定结果吻合。     

库布齐沙漠颗粒物中磷的化学形态分析

采用7步连续浸提法对库布齐沙漠响沙湾沙粒中磷的各种存在形态进行了分析测定，并对沙粒样进行了分级形态研究。结果表明：在库布齐沙漠响沙湾沙粒中总磷（TP）的含量为137．21～362．09μg／g，其主要成分为无机磷（IP），平均占TP的比例为94．60％；而有机磷（Or—P）的含量为7．88～19．12μg／g，平均占TP的5．40％。在所有不同粒度的沙样中，自生钙结合磷（Ca—P）含量最高，占TP的58．95％～80．05％，其次是原生碎屑磷（De—P）。占TP的8．13％～30．22％，二者占IP的绝大部分；其他各形态磷含量的高低顺序为：有机磷（Or—P）〉吸附态磷（Ads—P）〉铁结合态磷（Fe—P）〉闭蓄态磷（Obs—P）〉铝结合态磷（AI—P）。在所取沙漠颗粒物样中TP、Ca—P、De—P、Or—P、AI—P各自的含量都是随颗粒物粒度的减小而增大，而Ads—P含量则相反；Fe—P、Obs—P的含量受颗粒物粒度变化的影响不大。     

颗粒态氮磷负荷模型研究

为研究妫水河流域的颗粒态氮磷非点源污染来源,以控制非点源污染,在官厅水库周围进行了野外人工降雨试验。试验数据表明,氮磷输移率与产沙率具有很好的相关性,颗粒态氮、磷的平均相关系数分别为0.9594和0.9772。建立了新的颗粒态氮磷负荷模型,其中富集系数等于泥沙中总氮总磷百分含量与土壤中百分含量之比。根据妫水河流域的土壤图、土地利用图及数字高程模型,应用新的模型研究了妫水河流域颗粒态氮磷污染负荷的空间分布。结果表明,颗粒态氮磷主要来自地表植被覆盖差的丘陵和山地。     

地球化学样品中痕量锗的氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定

采用断续流动进样方式的原子荧光仪,测定地球化学样品中的痕量锗,方法测定下限为0.04×10-6,线性范围0～500μg/L,精密度为1.6%,样品加标准回收率98.1%～103.5%,经标准样品验证,方法准确可靠.     

非金属矿床开发可行性分析模式探讨

通过对四川省什邡市岳家山磷矿床的地质特征、自然地理条件、经济地理条件、矿床工业开发经济条件等进行综合分析,旨在探讨一种非金属矿床开发可行性分析的合理模式。