从格陵兰获取的完整冰期旋回的第一个甲磺酸盐和硫酸盐的冰心记录

从格陵兰获取的完整冰期旋回的第一个甲磺酸盐和硫酸盐的冰心记录ＭａｒｇａｒｅｔａＥ．Ｈａｎｓｓｏｎ等伦兰（Ｒｅｎｌａｎｄ）冰心是在格陵兰钻取的第三个由表面至基岩的冰心。它是１９８８年由北欧联合项目在东格陵兰（７１．２°Ｎ,２６．４°Ｗ）斯科斯比松峡湾一...     

硫酸盐气溶胶辐射强迫的数值模拟研究

利用IAP/LASG GOALS 4.0海气耦合模式,"显式"考虑了硫酸盐气溶胶的直接作用,并且引入德国马普气象研究所的三维浓度分布资料,模拟计算了硫酸盐气溶胶的辐射强迫.主要结果为:全球气溶胶年平均的辐射强迫为-0.29 W m-2,在IPCC TAR给定的范围内,空间分布上具有明显的地域性,几个大值地区分别为东亚、西欧和北美,它们的中心值均超过-1.5 W m-2,南美、澳大利亚以及非洲南部的辐射强迫介于-0.2～-0.4 W m-2之间,而海洋和偏远的大陆地区,则基本上不受人为硫酸盐气溶胶的影响;计算的东亚地区硫酸盐气溶胶的平均辐射强迫为-0.75 W m-2,约为全球平均的2.5倍,为北半球平均的1.6倍.文中还讨论了全球硫酸盐气溶胶对温室气体辐射强迫的减缓作用.     

南海北部琼东南海域HQ-48PC站位地球化学特征及对天然气水合物的指示意义

南海北部陆坡琼东南海域是中国天然气水合物勘探最具潜力的区域之一。对该海域的HQ-48PC站位沉积物样品的顶空气甲烷含量、孔隙水阴、阳离子及微量元素含量等地球化学特征进行综合分析,结果显示:在硫酸盐-甲烷界面(SMI,Sulfate-Methane Interface)(推算深度约为6.05 mbsf)发生了强烈的甲烷厌氧氧化反应(AMO,Anaerobic Meth-ane Oxidation),主要表现为SO24-含量线性降低接近于0、CH4含量发生骤增、有机碳和黄铁矿含量达到最大值及形成一个"钡锋"等特征。在SMI之上,HCO3-浓度随深度的增加呈明显上升的趋势,Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr2+等离子浓度随深度的增加呈降低的趋势,Mg2+/Ca2+比值随深度的增加呈明显增加的趋势,自生碳酸盐矿物以方解石为主;在SMI之下,HCO3-浓度随深度的增加呈缓慢下降的趋势,Ca2+浓度变化不大,Mg2+、Sr2+浓度和Mg2+/Ca2+比值随深度的增加呈降低的趋势,自生碳酸盐矿物以白云石为主。沉积物孔隙水的PO34-和NH4+含量较高,它们随深度的增加呈明显升高的趋势,且这种变化趋势与SO42-含量的下降趋势大致呈镜像关系。这些地球化学异常特征与国际上已发现有天然气水合物地区的地球化学特征相类似,暗示该采样站位深部沉积物中可能赋存有天然气水合物藏。     

Sulfur isotopic composition of the Tianqiao Pb-Zn ore deposit,Northwest Guizhou Province,China：Implications for the source of sulfur in the ore-forming fluids

The Tianqiao Pb-Zn ore deposit of Guizhou Province, China, is located in the mid-east of the Si-chuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn-Ag multi-metallic mineralization area, which is representative of the Pb-Zn ore de-posits in this area. It consists of three main orebodies, whose Pb+Zn reserves are more than 0.2 million ton. This paper analyzes the sulfur isotopic composition of these orebodies. The data show that the ore minerals (galena, sphalerite, pyrite) in these orebodies are enriched in heavy sulfur, with δ34SV-CDT values varying between 8.35‰ and 14.44‰, i.e. the δ34SV-CDT values of pyrite are between 12.81‰ and 14.44‰, the mean value is 13.40‰; the δ34SV-CDT values of sphalerite are range from 10.87‰ to 14.00‰, the mean value is 12.53‰; the δ34SV-CDT values of galena are range from 8.35‰ to 9.83‰, the mean value is 8.84‰, and they have the feature of δ34Spyrite>δ34Ssphalerite>δ34Sgalena, which indicates the sulfur isotope in ore-forming fluids has attained equilibrium. The δ34S V-CDT values of the deposit are close to those of sulfates from carbonate strata of different ages in the ore-field (15‰), which suggests that the sulfur in the ore-forming fluids should be derived from the thermo-chemical sulfate reduction of sulfates from the sedimentary strata.     

Distribution of δ~(34)S and δ~(18)O in SO_4~(2-) in Groundwater from the Ordos Cretaceous Groundwater Basin and Geological Implications

<正>The Ordos Cretaceous Groundwater Basin,located in an arid-semiarid area in northwestern China,is a large-style groundwater basin.SO_4~(2-) is one of the major harmful components in groundwater.Dissolved SO_4~(2-) concentrations,andδ~(34)S-SO_4~(2-) andδ~(18)O-SO_4~(2-) in groundwater from 14 boreholes and in gypsum from aquifer were analyzed.Results show that SO_4~(2-) in shallow groundwaters originates from precipitation,sulfide oxidation,and dissolution of stratum sulphate,with a big range ofδ~(34)S values,from-10.7‰to 9.2‰,and addition of SO_4~(2-) in deep groundwater results from dissolution of stratum sulphate,with biggerδ~(34)S values,from 7.8‰to 18.5‰,compared with those in shallow groundwater.This research also indicates that three types of sulphate are present in the strata,and characterized by highδ~(34)S values and highδ~(18)O values-style,highδ~(34)S values and middleδ~(18)O valuesstyle, middleδ~(34)S values and lowδ~(18)O values-style,respectively.Theδ~(34)S-SO_4~(2-) andδ~(18)O-SO_4~(2-) in groundwater have a good perspective for application in distinguishing different groundwater systems and determining groundwater circulation and evolution in this area.     

南秦岭大型钡成矿带中毒重石矿床成因新认识——来自单个流体包裹体证据

钡以BaSO_4形式存在的重晶石矿床在世界上广泛分布,但以BaCO_3形式存在的毒重石矿床极为罕见。在南秦岭早古生代硅岩建造中,发育大量层状毒重石和重晶石矿床,两类矿床在空间上表现出既共生又分离的分布规律,构成世界上极为独特的大型钡成矿带。本文对毒重石、钡解石、重晶石及石英等矿物流体包裹体进行了系统研究,结果显示,各矿物中流体包裹体的均一温度都变化于90～310℃,主要集中范围为120～220℃。尽管如此,毒重石、钡解石的形成温度峰值比重晶石高出40℃,而石英的形成温度分布较均一,没有出现明显的峰值。矿物流体包裹体的盐度虽变化于1%～15%NaCl_(eqv),但毒重石、钡解石和石英样品中的盐度值普遍大于5%NaCl_(eqv),而重晶石中的盐度值小于5%NaCl_(eqv)的样品数量占有相当大的比例。由于重晶石的流体包裹体主要以NaCl-H_2O型包裹体为主,而毒重石中富含大量N_2-CO_2-H_2S-CH_4等复杂组分水溶液型包裹体,显示出毒重石与重晶石在成矿环境上有较大差异。由此笔者明确提出,水溶液热化学硫酸盐还原作用是形成毒重石矿床主要机制的新认识。     

A Modeling Study of the Climate Effects of Sulfate and Carbonaceous Aerosols over China

In this paper, the RIEMS 2.0 model is used to simulate the distribution of sulfate, black carbon, and organic carbon aerosols over China (16.2°-44.1°N, 93.4°-132.4°E) in 1998. The climate effects of these three anthropogenic aerosols are also simulated. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The regional average column burdens of sulfate, BC, OC, and SOC were 5.9, 0.24, 2.4, and 0.49 mg m-2, with maxima of 33.9, 1.48, 7.3, and 1.1 mg m-2, respectively. The column burden and surface concentration of seco...     

黑碳-硫酸盐混合气溶胶的辐射特性分析

利用Mie散射理论、外混合模型、均匀球模型和分层球模型,分析考察了黑碳和硫酸盐的混合气溶胶粒子在内外混合状态下的辐射特性和混合方式、容积含量和粒径对辐射特性的影响。结果表明,单次散射反照率和吸收效率因子对黑碳含量和混合方式很敏感,非对称因子和散射效率因子对两者的变化较敏感,消光系数(消光效率因子)对两者的变化不敏感。均匀混合的吸收最大,壳-核模型次之,外混合的吸收最小。壳-核模型中黑碳为核的分层球模型的吸收大于黑碳为壳的分层球模型。小粒子的辐射特性对粒径的变化很敏感,大粒子的辐射特性对粒径的变化不是很敏感。     

一株硫酸盐还原菌的分离及生理生态特性的研究

硫酸盐有机废水生物处理技术一直是人们关注的热点,该种废水处理的关键是如何在有效地去除COD的同时,高效地去除SO_4~(2-)厌氧生物处理系统中的硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfte-Reducing Bacteria,SRB)在一定的条件下可以有效地将SO_4~(2-)还原而从废水中去除。产酸脱硫反应器是一个复杂的生态学系统,在这个生态系统中,SRB起着最主要的生态学作用,要研究产酸脱硫反应器中的各种群的微生物的生理生态学,是非常复杂而且难以实现的。为了更方便地研究产酸脱硫反应器中的微生物生理生态学,比较好的做法是把在反应器中数量上占优势,并且起主要功能的种群分离出来,对它们进行单独和配合研究。本实验就是利用滚管法和改进的Hungate技术,在COD/SO_4~(2-)=3的稳定阶段,对产酸脱硫反应器中的SRB进行了分离,分离出在数量上占优势的SRB,命名为SRB-ZH07。在厌氧试管和三角瓶中,进行了SRB-ZH07生理生态学研究。pH值对SRB-ZH07的生长和硫酸盐去除率的影响,pH为7.0左右SRB-ZH07的生长状况最好,在34h,菌液的OD_(600nm)达到0.827,而其它pH下的OD_(600nm)...