敦煌民用机场地基的破坏机制与治理对策

根据甘肃敦煌机场场道勘察及专项研究结果得出,跑道地基的破坏是由于盐渍土盐胀作用所致。盐胀作用不仅与地基土的组成有关,而且与其含盐量、含盐类型、温度和含水量等因素有关。作者分析了河西走廊粗颗粒硫酸盐盐渍土盐胀作用机理,针对其成因机制提出了相应的治理措施。     

法老长什么样

俄罗斯的人类学家声称能还原古埃及王国（公元前十一世纪以前）三位法老——孟霍特普三世、拉莫西斯一世和梅连普塔赫的相貌。可谁也没见过埃及国王到底是怎么一副模样     

松辽盆地后金沟剖面上白垩统烃源岩氧化还原环境重建

松辽盆地是中国大型陆相湖盆，其上白垩统嫩江组一段（K2n1） 和二段（K2n2） 烃源岩沉积时期的形成环境一直备受争议。文章选取盆地后金沟剖面为研究地区，通过测定和分析烃源岩中的稳定氮同位素等地球化学指标，重建了氧化还原条件。结果表明，后金沟剖面嫩一段（H 层位） 和嫩二段（N2 层位） 具有明显的差异：嫩二段相较嫩一段而言，有机碳（TOC） 值偏高、有机碳同位素（δ13Corg） 值负偏，而且稳定氮同位素（δ15N） 值偏小，一致指示海侵事件发生之后导致嫩二段形成了缺氧环境。结合微量元素比值分析，古生产力参数Ba/Al、Ba/Ca，反映嫩二段具有更高的生产力，这与TOC 的含量变化一致；Mo/Al、V/Cr 等氧化还原参数表明嫩二段沉积时的水体环境还原性更强，这与δ15N 值偏小指示嫩二段形成缺氧环境的结论相符，重建了沉积时期水体的氧化还原环境。研究结果不仅可以预测优质烃源岩的沉积分布，还可以为国内其它湖相页岩沉积环境的研究提供借鉴，为油气勘探提供新的依据。     

流体烃的他地迁移,生物降解及生物成矿：以西班牙拉,弗罗…

原生有机质及沥青的有机地球化学研究结果表明矿区存在微弱的热异常，地层中原生有机质含量极低，沥青是成矿过程中由含矿热液他地带来的迁移型流体烃，流体迁烃在迁移时发生轻烃组分的分馏。在成矿部位，含有硫酸盐，铅锌和流体烃的深湖热液与携带硫酸盐还原细菌的大气降水汇合，流体烃发生生物降解和水洗溶解并引起硫酸盐的生物还原，生成硫化氢，导致铅锌硫化物沉淀，形成矿床。     

138铀矿床成矿地质及物化条件分析

１３８矿床是中生代火山－沉积改造型铀矿床。本文对矿床的铀源、矿区地层岩性、岩相古地理及古气候、构造和改造再生等地质条件，以及铀的吸附还原剂，岩石的有效孔隙度、化学成分、酸碱度、氧化还原电位等物理化学条件进行探讨。     

泛滥洪水归槽还原计算的三次样条插值法

提出了一和中泛滥洪水归槽还原计算的新方法－三次样条插值法，该方法能够解决常用方法中存在的一些问题。     

关于风化作用涵义的探讨

风化作用是指受太阳能，大气，大气水影响的地球物理，地球化学，生物化学的综合作用，使一部分物质溶解淋失，另一部分物理残留，低价元素矿物氧化成高价元素矿物，形成氧化带（风化带），过去只知道范围只包括“暴露在地表面”这一部分，没有包括地表面以下的“氧化改造带”由于两者都是大气水（天水）组成。其物，化性质相同，都含游离ＣＯ２，Ｏ２气体，从地球化学的意义来说，实际是在酸性条件下氧化作用，这种大气水中除了含有     

Composition of Kerogen in Kupferschiefer from Southwest Poland

Thirty-seven Kupferschiefer samples from southwestern Poland were analyzed by microscopy, Rock-Eval approach and instrumental neutron activation analysis to understand the geochemical and morphological characteristics of kerogen present in the samples. The analytical results indicate that there are two different types of kerogens. One type was only subjected to thermal alteration processes, and the other was further oxidized after deposition of the sediment.In the oxidized samples migrabitumen was transformed into pyrobitumen. Rock-Eval analyses show a significant decrease in HI values in the oxidized samples and an increase in OI values in relation to the samples that were not influenced by oxidation. Variations in S2 versus Corg contents indicate a change in kerogen from Type II to Type III with progressing oxidation. The presence of pyrobitumen and the depletion of hydrogen in the altered kerogen allow one to conclude that the kerogen was used as hydrogen donor for thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR).     

Biomineralization of Uranium: A Simulated Experiment and Its Significance

A simulated experimental reduction of U^v1 and the synthesis of uraninite by a sulfate-reducing bacteria,Desulfovibrio desulfuricans DSM 642, are first reported. The simulated physicochemical experimental conditions were:35℃, pH=7.0-7.4, corresponding to the environments of formation of the sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposits in Xinjiang, NW China. Uraninite was formed on the surface of the host bacteria after a one-week‘s incubation. Therefore, sulfate-reducing bacteria, which existed extensively in Jurassic sandstone-producing environments,might have participated in the biomineralization of this uranium deposit. There is an important difference in the orderdisorder of the crystalline structure between the uraninite produced by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and naturally occurring uraninite. Long time and slow precipitation and growth of uraninite in the geological environment might have resulted in larger uraninite crystals, with uraninite nanocrystals arranged in order, whereas the experimentally produced uraninite is composed of unordered uraninite nanocrystals which, in contrast, result from the short time span of formation and rapid precipitation and growth of uraninite. The discovery has important implications for understanding genetic significance in mineralogy, and also indicates that in-situ bioremediation of U-contaminated environments and use of biotechnology in the treatment of radioactive liquid waste is being contemplated.