海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷与松辽盆地孤店CO2气田含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石学特征

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷南屯组与松辽盆地孤店CO₂气田泉头组发育大量含片钠铝石砂岩。通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、茜素红-S染色、X射线衍射、电子探针与INCA能谱分析等,对含片钠铝石砂岩的骨架碎屑组分、胶结物与自生矿物、成岩共生序列等岩石学特征进行了系统研究。研究表明,含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石类型为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,粒度以细粒、细-中粒为主,分选差-中等。砂岩中胶结物主要为次生加大石英、自生石英、片钠铝石、铁白云石和粘土矿物。其中,片钠铝石最高可达砂岩总体积的22％在砂岩中或以放射状、束状、菊花状、杂乱毛发状、毛球状、板状等集合体充填孔隙,或呈束状和板状交代长石和岩屑。电子探针与INCA能谱综合分析表明,片钠铝石主要由Na、Al、O、C等组成。在含片钠铝石砂岩中,成岩共生序列依次为粘土矿物包壳-次生加大石英、自生石英、自生高岭石-油气充注-CO₂充注-片钠铝石-铁白云石。其中,CO₂注入前形成的自生矿物组合主要为次生加大石英、自生石英和自生高岭石,CO₂注入后形成的自生矿物组合主要为片钠铝石和铁白云石。     

膜生物反应器中膜污染机理及其防治

通过向一体式膜生物反应器中分别投加聚合铝和粉煤灰改变料液性质,来预防膜污染和提高膜生物反应器对总磷的去除效率,并通过X射线衍射和红外光谱实验分析活性污泥性质的变化,利用扫描电镜分析中空纤维膜表观结构的变化情况,探讨防治膜污染的机理.实验结果表明:聚合铝的投加改变了活性污泥的性质和生物膜的表观结构,可有效地减缓膜污染,且除磷效率达85%以上;而投加粉煤灰并没有明显效果.     

磷处理粉煤灰可作农业土壤磷源

粉煤灰(简称CCP或ash)具有改良土壤,增加植物产量的功能。此外,由于它特殊的多孔结构,也可用作吸纳并承载植物养分的载体。用NaH2PO4配制成含磷0.10mol/L浓度的溶液,对采自加拿大西安大略省Sarnia地区Lambton电厂的底灰(bottomash)进行振荡浸渍处理。结果表明,振荡浸渍66h后的粉煤灰中磷含量可达784×10-6。以磷处理粉煤灰、未进行磷处理的粉煤灰和石英砂按比例混合,作为基本生长介质进行玉米种植实验,其中实验配方设计为生长介质中含磷量分别为标准含磷浓度(50×10-6)的10%、25%、50%、75%和100%。生长26、34和46d后分别与不含磷的空白配方、施加含氮-磷-钾为0-20-0标准磷肥并控制磷含量为标准浓度(50×10-6)配方进行生物产量对比。生长实验结果表明,以磷处理粉煤灰供磷的生长介质,当含磷量为标准浓度的25%至100%时,其植物生长量就比添加标准浓度磷肥的配方好。种植46d后的生物生长量统计结果显示,含磷分别为标准浓度50%、75%和100%的实验介质中,玉米杆的鲜重较施标准磷肥介质中玉米分别增长39.46%、42.73%和46.13%;玉米杆干重依次增加29.71%、13.39%和28.87%;根鲜重平均增加16.62%;根干重平均增加14.03%。上述实验结果启示,粉煤灰可以很好地吸纳承载磷养分,并持续供给植物吸收生长,如果采用吸纳磷(或其他养分)的粉煤灰改良砂质土壤将有重要意义。     

分段式SBR与传统SBR工艺的对比研究

将传统SBR的曝气和沉淀过程在时间上进行分段,在不同段数厌氧、好氧、缺氧状态交替运行条件下,考查了分段式SBR工艺的运行情况,并与传统SBR进行了对比研究;通过设计正交试验确定了传统SBR、二段式SBR和三段式SBR最佳运行参数。结果表明：三段式SBR对COD、NH＋-N、总磷的去除率可以达到97．33％、96．63％、99．76％;二段式SBR对COD、NH4^＋-N、总磷的去除率可以达到96．98％、93．45％、98．63％;传统SBR对COD、NH4^＋-N、总磷的去除率可以达到95．87％、88．47％、98．15％,由此可见分段式SBR较传统SBR对有机物、NH4^＋-N和总磷有较好的去除效果。     

江西省安福地区地热水化学特征研究

为研究江西安福地区水文地球化学特征及控制因素, 本文采集了15组样品, 采用水化学、同位素分析等方法进行研究。结果表明: 研究区地热水以Na-HCO3型水为主, 地下水以HCO3-Na·Ca型为主, 地表水由西南向东北从HCO3-Na·Ca向HCO3-Ca型水演化。水化学组分演化过程主要受岩石风化作用控制, 地层封闭性较差, 水中的Na+、HCO– 3、Sr2+来源于硅酸岩风化溶解。由稳定同位素特征可知, 研究区地热水补给来源为大气降水。研究区热储温度为49.8~101.4 ℃, 地热水循环深度为1 502.6~1 513.6 m。热水在沿断裂带上升过程中与浅层冷水发生混合, 其混合比例为76.1%~87.5%。研究成果为安福地区水循环演化提供依据, 有利于地热资源的合理开采与保护。     

生物炭对磷石膏中磷的固化作用

磷石膏中的磷在雨水淋滤作用下浸出,将污染堆场附近水体。本研究采用生物炭固化磷石膏中的磷,以减少其对周遭水体的污染。主要通过模拟固化实验和对照浸出实验,分析生物炭用量、反应时间和温度、初始pH值对固化效果的影响,通过XRD、SEM-EDS分析固化后的生成物。实验结果显示,在生物炭用量为25 mg时,单位固化量达到最大值13.20 mg/g;在反应温度T=293 K、初始pH=7条件下,反应平衡时间72 h时浸出液的磷平衡浓度C_e= 1.40 mg/L;温度提升有助于提高生物炭的固化效果,当T=308 K时,浸出液的磷平衡浓度C_e=0.167 mg/L;碱性条件有利于固化反应持续进行,在pH=11条件下,浸出液的磷平衡浓度C_e=0.153 mg/L。实验结果表明生物炭对磷石膏中的磷具有明显的固化效果。磷石膏中的二水硫酸钙溶解后,Ca²⁺与表面带负电的生物炭结合,在生物炭显微结构的凹陷处,化学吸附溶液中的磷酸根生成了絮状、团簇状的羟基磷灰石(HAP)沉淀,从而使浸出磷得到有效控制。     

硫铅酸盐“S”型瞬凝水泥干法护壁堵漏技术研究

介绍了硫铝酸盐“Ｓ”型瞬凝水泥干法者漏时使用的配方,阐述了输送工具和扫孔钻具的设计以及灌注工艺技术。     

Sulfur Isotope Fractionation in Magmatic Systems：Models of Rayleigh Distillation and Selective Flux

The effect of Rayleigh distillation by outgassing of SO2 and H2S on the isotopic composition of sulfur remaining in silicate melts is quantitatively modelled.A threshold mole fraction of sulfur in sulfide component of the melts is reckoned to be of critical importance in shifting the δ^34S of the melts mith respect to the original magmas.The partial equilibrium fractionation in a magmatic system is evaluated by assuming that a non-equilibrium flux of sulfur occurs between magmatic volatiles and the melts,while an equilibrium fractionation is approached between sulfate and sulfide within the melts.The results show that under high fo2 conditions,the sulfate/sulfide ratio in a melt entds to increase,and the δ^34S value of sulfur in a solidified rock might then be shifted in the positive direction.This may either be due to Rayleigh outgassing in case the mole fraction of sulfide is less than the threshold,or due to a unidirectional increase in δ^34S value of the sulfate with decreaing temperature,Conversely,at low fo2,the sulfate/sulfide ratio tends to decrease and the δ^34S value of total sulfur could be driven in the negative direction,either because of the Rayleigh outgassing in case the mole fraction of sulfide is greater than the threshold,or because of a unidirectional decrease inδ^34S value of the sulfide.To establish isotopic equilibrium between sulfate and sulfide,the HM,QFM or WM buffers in the magmatic system are suggested to provide the redox couple that could simultaneously reduce the sulfate and oxidize the sulfide.CaO present in the silicatte Melts is also called upon to participate in the chemical equilibrium between sulfate and sulfide,Consequently,the δ^34S value of an igneous rock could considerably deviate from that of its original magma due to the influence of oxygen fugacity and temperature at the time of magma solidification.     

Brick tea and its health impact

Tea bush is one of the plants cultivated in acidic soil, and is a typical hyper-accumulator of F and Al. Brick tea is a kind of brick-formed tea compressed using the older and coarse leaves and branches of tea trees. Brick tea mixed with milk is drunk as a daily indispensable beverage for Mongols, Ewenki, and other minority nationalities in the pastoral and semi-pastoral areas of Northwest China. It is reported that drinking brick tea can result in dental and skeletal fluorosis due to the high F content in it. Because Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is related with Al in human brain, and Al has potential toxicities for skeletal and neural systems,     

Catalytic ozonation of phenol in water with natural brucite and magnesia

Catalytic ozonation has attracted much attention in treatment of wastewater for its mild conditions. Phenol and its ramifications are common components in a wide variety of wastewaters including those from coal conversion processes, coking plants, petroleum refineries and several chemical industries. In this paper, natural brucite and magnesia have been successfully used in catalytic ozonation of phenol. And the mechanisms of catalysis were also investigated. From Figs. 1 and 2, it can be found that both brucite and magnesia have remarkable catalysis on degradation of phenol and removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand （COD）. The pH of solutions on the process of ozonation alone, catalytic ozonation with brucites and with magnesia were 6.35-2.76, 10.18-8.52 and 10.58-10.83, respectively. It can be concluded that alkali environment plays a critical role for catalytic ozonation of phenol. We also found that the alkaline minerals reacted on the surface with oxalic acid and other low molecular-weight acids which are intermediate products in ozonation, but those intermediate products could be mineralized into carbon dioxide completely with enough ozonation time.