长江口和黄东海沉积物单矿物分选的常用方法和流程

沉积物碎屑矿物组分既受物源控制,又受水动力影响,单矿物分选应首先选取适当的粒级,细砂粒级经常采用,但不是固定在这一粒级;控制重液密度是重液分选的关键环节,不同目标矿物,可通过调配不同的比重液进行分离分选,并可使用离心重液法提高分选效能;磁选是分选不同磁性特征矿物的简单便捷方法,钕铁硼强磁铁的使用,可部分代替电磁分选仪的功能,对样品量少、矿物种类多、磁性变化大地矿物组合可起到重要的分组作用;化学分选采用不同浓度的各种溶剂在不同条件下处理试样,有选择性地溶掉妨碍矿物,留下目标矿物;手工分选单矿物重点在于剔除其他方法难以分离的杂质,保障样品的纯度和代表性;角闪石和石英分选流程,代表着单矿物分选的基本技术路线,不同方法合理的前后衔接,使单矿物分选高效、快捷、准确,但还有一些矿物分选难题尚未解决,需要深入研究和实践。     

K—Na—Ca温度计在一些矿床的成矿温度研究中的应用效果

K—Na—Ca温度计是利用矿物包裹体成分中钾、钠、钙的摩尔浓度,使用已有公式计算成矿温度的一种方法。通过在一些矿床中的应用效果表明,用该温度计计算的温度与矿床产出地质条件相符,并与用其他方法测得的温度基本一致,可以代表成矿温度。此外该温度计与压力无关;不受矿物透明度和介质临界条件限制,其应用范围较其他测温方法的要广。     

花岗岩与海底火山熔岩

在郑州开往南阳的汽车上,老师给我们介绍了花岗岩,还搬出了标本让我们认识。老师告诉我们,花岗岩是由长石、石英和云母三种主要矿物组成,是地下滚烫的岩浆上升过程中,在地壳中冷凝形成的。想到一块小小的石头,却蕴藏了这么多的地球故事与秘密,我的心中便对我们的下一站——宝天曼地质公园充满了向往。终于到了宝天曼地质公园,我看到了雄奇险峻的化石尖,那是一座由灰白色的花岗岩组成的巍丽山峰,海拔1830米。虽然山势险峻,我们的队员们却没有一个畏惧的,大家迫不及待地开始攀登起来。尽管同学们一个个都大汗淋漓,汗湿衣衫,可一想到一会儿到了…     

Mineral Atlas of the World

In 1997 the mineral resources of Europe and neighbouring countries were presented as a printed map and a book of exhaustive information and references. This was the first published map inventory of mineral deposits from all parts of the formerly politically divided Europe (East and West), measured and evaluated according to identical geological and mining standards.     

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay, China——Ⅳ：Study on cross-bay transect from estuary to ocean

The authors analyzed the data collected in the Ecological Station Jiaozhou Bay from May 1991 to November 1994, including 12 seasonal investigations, to determine the characteristics, dynamic cycles and variation trends of the silicate in the bay. The results indicated that the rivers around Jiaozhou Bay provided abundant supply of silicate to the bay. The silicate concentration there depended on river flow variation. The horizontal variation of silicate concentration on the transect showed that the silicate concentration decreased with distance from shorelines. The vertical variation of it showed that silicate sank and deposited on the sea bottom by phytoplankton uptake and death, and zooplankton excretion. In this way, silicon would endlessly be transferred from terrestrial sources to the sea bottom. The silicon took up by phytoplankton and by other biogeochemical processes led to insufficient silicon supply for phytoplankton growth. In this paper, a 2D dynamic model of river flow versus silicate concentration was established by which silicate concentrations of 0.028–0.062 μmol/L in seawater was yielded by inputting certain seasonal unit river flows (m³/s), or in other words, the silicate supply rate; and when the unit river flow was set to zero, meaning no river input, the silicate concentrations were between 0.05–0.69 μmol/L in the bay. In terms of the silicate supply rate, Jiaozhou Bay was divided into three parts. The division shows a given river flow could generate several different silicon levels in corresponding regions, so as to the silicon-limitation levels to the phytoplankton in these regions. Another dynamic model of river flow versus primary production was set up by which the phytoplankton primary production of 5.21–15.55 (mgC/m²·d)/(m³/s) were obtained in our case at unit river flow values via silicate concentration or primary production conversion rate. Similarly, the values of primary production of 121.98–195.33 (mgC/m²·d) were achieved at zero unit river flow condition. A primary production conversion rate reflects the sensitivity to silicon depletion so as to different phytoplankton primary production and silicon requirements by different phytoplankton assemblages in different marine areas. In addition, the authors differentiated two equations (Eqs. 1 and 2) in the models to obtain the river flow variation that determines the silicate concentration variation, and in turn, the variation of primary production. These results proved further that nutrient silicon is a limiting factor for phytoplankton growth. This study was funded by NSFC (No. 40036010), and the Director's Fund of the Beihai Sea Monitoring Center, the State Oceanic Administration.     

海泡石的确认

海泡石是世界上用途最广泛的矿物原料之一，但海泡石的鉴定比较困难，使人们难以充分利用海泡石。作通过研究，提出了综合鉴定海泡石的方法。