Multifractal Analysis of Element Distribution in Skarn-type Deposits in the Shizishan Orefield, Tongling Area, Anhui Province, China

A series of element concentrations sampled from four drill cores with a length about 1000 m into different skarn-type deposits were selected from the Shizishan orefield, central Tongling, southeastern part of Anhui Province. Using the multifractal method, the distribution and migration characteristics of the major and trace elements are analyzed. The multifractal spectrum of the major elements is left-skewed, whereas the spectrum of the trace elements is right-skewed, which shows that in the process of skarn formation, the trace elements were enriched only locally, and major elements transported within a much larger range. The correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters Aa （width of the multifractal spectrum） of the four drill cores are relatively low, but the correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters R （spectrum symmetry parameter） and Af are relatively higher, indicating that although the non-homogeneous intensity of the distribution of elements is inconsistent, their spatial accumulation patterns are almost the same during the ore-forming process. The statistics of the mnltifractal parameters of various elements in the different locations show that the ore-forming processes and element migration pattern in the Shizishan orefield are consistent, and that the migrations of trace elements and major elements exhibit some differences.     

Mineral characteristics and their geological significance of black shales in southeastern Ordos Basin by X-ray diffraction analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis of black shale of Upper Triassic Member Chang 7 of the Yanchang Formation in southeastern Ordos Basin showed that black shales were deposited in brackish, strongly reducing, semi-deep-deep lacustrine facies, and mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, carbonate （dolomite）, clay minerals （illite and il- lite/smectite） and a certain amount of pyrite. The mineral composition characteristics of this set of black shales are similar to those of highly productive shale gas in North America, for example shallow burial, low clay mineral and abundant brittle mineral, so the strata are conducive to the development of cracks and fractures. Thus, this area is favorable for shale oil/gas exploration and development.     

柴达木盆地晚更新世湖泊沉积物中黏土矿物特征及环境意义

为揭示柴达木盆地晚更新世期间的气候环境状况及其与湖泊沉积物中黏土矿物特征之间的耦合关系,本文利用X射线衍射(XRD)法对位于柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖别勒滩区段的ISL1A钻孔剖面的黏土矿物类型、相对含量及伊利石结晶度的变化进行了分析。结果表明,沉积物中黏土矿物组合以伊利石为主,次为绿泥石、伊/蒙混层矿物、高岭石和蒙脱石。对黏土矿物相对含量变化特征的对比分析研究表明,柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖成盐阶段伊利石和高岭石的相对含量小于未成盐阶段,而绿泥石相对含量大于未成盐阶段;晚更新世气候在84~71ka B.P.与65~47ka B.P.期间温暖湿润,93~84ka B.P.和71~65ka B.P.相对干冷,成盐期(47~9ka B.P.)气候经历了干旱-湿润-干旱的旋回变化。     

琉球群岛以东海区沉积物重矿物分布及来源

琉球群岛东部海区沉积物中富含大量火山碎屑矿物、岛屿岩石遭受风化蚀变形成的普通角闪石以及水生的铁锰微结核,其重矿物种类、特征、组合分区等与火山作用、沉积环境、地形、物质来源等内外生因素密切相关。通过对本区重矿物的种类、特征及组合分区的研究,初步判断位于研究区北部、菲律宾板块向欧亚大陆俯冲而导致的正在活动的的琉球岛弧区为火山碎屑的主要源区,重矿物成分主要为水携成因来源,受同期火山作用控制;少量紫苏辉石来自先期形成的海岭或海底高原(如冲大东海岭、奄美海岭及九州海岭等)上的火山岩系,是经过剥蚀、搬运再沉积的产物;琉球群岛、九州等火山活动产物受海底高地等阻隔而在本区表现为向南或东南影响力逐渐减小;本区地质历史上的及正在进行的岩浆活动主要以基性及中性岩浆为主。此外,流经本区的黑潮对自生铁锰微结核的富集具有重要影响。     

700年以来冲绳海槽西南部粘土矿物来源及其对沉积环境的响应

利用X射线衍射（XRD）技术对冲绳海槽南部HOBAB4-S2站700年以来的黏土矿物组成以及结晶学特征进行了研究和分析,并对该区的沉积特征、物质来源以及黏土矿物所记录的东亚季风的演化历史进行了探讨。研究发现冲绳海槽南部HOBAB4-S2站黏土矿物组合总体是以伊利石（59–77 %,平均含量69 %）和绿泥石（11–17 %,平均含量14 %）为主,而蒙脱石（5–23 %,平均含量12 %）和高岭石含量（2–6 %,平均含量4 %）则相对较低。通过黏土矿物研究对物源进行分析,发现冲绳海槽南部研究站位的黏土矿物中,蒙脱石主要是来自于长江或者东海大陆架的再沉积。伊利石,绿泥石以及高岭石主要来自于台湾河流,尤其是兰阳溪。蒙脱石/（伊利石+绿泥石）比值的大小可以用来指示东亚夏季风的强弱变化。1320 AD以来的黏土矿物组合的变化较好地记录了部分中世纪暖期后期、小冰期以及现代暖期3个时期在百年时间尺度上的气候波动。该指标显示,相对于中世纪暖期后期,东亚季风强度在小冰期（1405–1850 AD）和在现代暖期（1955 AD）均存在明显的减弱,指示该时期台湾东北部-冲绳海槽南部地区处于相对湿润强降雨的气候环境。     

Mineralogical characteristics of polymetallic sulfides from the Deyin-1 hydrothermal field near 15°S,southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge

A seafloor hydrothermal field, named Deyin-1 later, near 15°S southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge(SMAR) was newly found during the 22 nd cruise carried out by the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research Development Association(COMRA). Sulfide samples were collected at three stations from the hydrothermal field during the26 th cruise in 2012. In this paper, mineralogical characteristics of the sulfides were analyzed with optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe to study the crystallization sequence of minerals and the process of hydrothermal mineralization. According to the difference of the ore-forming metal elements, the sulfide samples can be divided into three types:(1) the Ferich sulfide, which contains mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite;(2) the Fe-Cu-rich sulfide consisting predominantly of pyrite, chalcopyrite and isocubanite, with lesser amount of sphalerite, marmatite and pyrrhotine; and(3) the Fe-Zn-rich sulfide dominated by pyrite, sphalerite and marmatite, with variable amounts of chalcopyrite, isocubanite, pyrrhotine, marcasite, galena and gratonite. Mineral precipitations in these sulfides are in the sequence of chalcopyrite(isocubanite and possible coarse pyrite), fine pyrite,sphalerite(marmatite), galena, gratonite and then the minerals out of the dissolution. Two morphologically distinct generations(Py-I and Py-II) of pyrite are identified in each of the samples; inclusions of marmatite tend to exist in the coarse pyrite crystals(Py-I). Sphalerite in the Fe-Zn-rich sulfide is characterized by a"chalcopyrite disease" phenomenon. Mineral paragenetic relationships and a wide range of chemical compositions suggest that the environment of hydrothermal mineralization was largely changing. By comparison, the Fe-rich sulfide was formed in a relatively stable environment with a high temperature, but the conditions for the formation of the Fe-Cu-rich sulfide were variable. The Fe-Zn-rich sulfide was precipitated during the hydrothermal venting at relatively low temperature.     

韩国的深海底矿物勘探

韩国因国内陆地资源贫乏,故一直在寻求稳定的战略矿物资源的补充来源。对海外矿物供应的依赖和本国资源蕴藏的不足已暴露出韩国经济承受偶发性外部冲击的脆弱性。为了解决这些基本问题,韩国政府已把深海采矿业看     

末次盛冰期末期以来南海北部陆坡的陆源物质输入及其控制因素

通过对南海北部陆坡KNG5孔沉积物粒度、粘土矿物和14C年龄的综合分析, 探讨了南海北部陆坡的沉积物来源及其控制因素。物源分析表明, KNG5孔17.5-12.5ka BP的沉积物主要来源于珠江, 12.5ka BP 时粘土矿物组合突然发生改变, 并且自12.5ka BP以后, 高岭石含量总体稳定, 说明12.5ka BP时海平面已上升到相当的高度, 并且可能当时南海的现代环流系统已开始形成, 西行的广东沿岸流导致向外扩散的珠江物质减少, 由于受北太平洋深层水(NPDW)和黑潮(KC)南海分支的作用, 台湾成为此时沉积物的主要贡献者。KNG5孔17.5-11ka BP时期的粘土矿物和粒度变化主要受控于海平面和洋流系统的变化。全新世早期(11.0-8ka BP)平均粒径达到最细和1-2.2m 粒级含量达到最高值可能是强盛的夏季风作用的结果。全新世中晚期(8—0ka BP) 1-2.2?m组分含量的减少是8ka BP以来东亚夏季风减弱的具体体现, 1-2.2m 粒级含量指示的东亚夏季风变化能和北半球其它季风指标能很好地对应起来, 说明这次季风减弱是北半球各个季风系统的共同现象。     

南黄海西部陆架区表层沉积特征与物源分析

对南黄海西部陆架区626个海底沉积物进行了沉积特征分析,包括粒度和黏土矿物测试。研究结果表明,研究区的表层沉积物类型主要包括砾石、砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂、砂质泥和泥。依据表层沉积物成因,将调查区分为4个区:苏北近岸老黄河细粒沉积物区、中东部的残留砂沉积区、西北部的准残留砾石区和东北部的山东半岛水下楔形体末端沉积区。研究区的黏土矿物组合类型主要为伊利石-蒙皂石-绿泥石-高岭石,组合类型与黄河黏土矿物组合类型相同,表明主要物质来源于黄河。研究区中东部分布有粉砂质砂和砂,具有滨岸环境的沉积特征,而与现在所处的沉积环境不相一致,它们被解译为形成于全新世早期的滨岸环境,并在海底留存至今,属残留沉积。     

黄河水系沉积物碎屑矿物组成及沉积动力环境约束

黄河水系河漫滩沉积物的碎屑矿物组成研究表明,主要支流和干流沉积物中碎屑矿物组合基本相似,不同支流和干流不同河段的矿物含量不同,具有一定的区域分布规律。重矿物主要组合为不透明矿物-石榴子石-绿帘石-碳酸盐矿物和蚀变矿物。轻矿物的物源区指数难以可靠地反映黄河主要支流和干流不同河段碎屑矿物的物源差异;轻矿物成熟度指数在不同水系间的变化较复杂,中游沉积物低于上游与下游平原沉积物,它既体现沉积物物源的控制,又反映河流泥沙输运及沉积过程中的分选性差异。石榴石、不透明矿物及角闪石的含量变化主要反映悬浮泥沙的沉积分异程度以及不同水系的水动力强度。重矿物ZTR指数的区域分布特征一定程度上反映出不同沉积物的物源区分布。重矿物分异指数F清晰地揭示出由于区域水动力强弱变化导致特征碎屑矿物组成的沉积分异,因而,可作为研究单物源河流沉积动力环境和碎屑矿物沉积分异程度的指标。总体上,黄河碎屑矿物的含量变化并不完全受物源控制,而更主要地反映季节性的河流水动力强度与沉积环境差异,以及由此引起的碎屑矿物的重力分选作用,因此,在边缘海区运用碎屑矿物组成识别黄河入海物质的贡献时需谨慎。