浅谈数字制图技术在矿山测量中的应用

本文结合生产实践论述了数字化制图技术的作业模式和方法,分析了数字化制图的特点。     

地球的忠诚卫士——姜建军

他有着研究型学者孜孜不倦的品格,有着忧国忧民的情怀,有着环保主义者不知疲倦的背影。姜建军,一个地球母亲的忠实守护者,从国家地质遗迹保护,国家地质公园、矿山公园建设,到矿山环境整治、地质灾害气象预报,无不倾注了他的心血,讲述了他与地球母亲的难解情缘。     

数字

山东省按照“禁采区关停、限采区收缩、开采区聚集”的原则,合理调整开采布局,严格控制矿山规模,全力推进矿产资源开发整合。目前,已有97个重点矿区完成资源开发整合任务。     

我国矿山地质环境恢复补偿制度建立与完善探讨

当前,我国经济建设对矿产资源勘查开发需求越来越强劲,因开采矿产资源所造成的越来越突出的矿山地质环境问题不仅威胁到人民生命安全,而且严重地制约了国民经济的发展。因此,迫切需要加强矿山地质环境保护和恢复治理,这也与国家环境政策的要求相适应,而建立矿山地质环境恢复补偿制度（或机制）则是一项十分有效的制度保障。     

与危机矿山接替资源勘查有关的成矿找矿模式

简要叙述了与危机矿山接替资源勘查工作有关的一些成矿找矿模式，包括：绿岩带金矿新模式，斑岩铜矿模式，微细浸染型金矿深部找矿模式，铜镍硫化物深部找矿模式，金和铅锌矿共伴生模式等，以期为危机矿山深部和外围找矿勘查工作提供思路。     

全国主要固体矿产大中型矿山资源潜力调查资料初步汇总概述

中国主要固体矿产大中型矿山大多数分布于中东部地区，对第一批500余座矿山资源潜力调查资料初步评估汇总表明，占矿山总数的3/4矿山为资源型危机矿山，近200座约占1/3的调查矿山具有进一步寻找接替资源潜力；对危机矿山接替资源找矿勘查区的区域分布、主攻矿床类型、找矿预测方法及找矿勘查技术手段等资料数据开展综合汇总，结合相关数理统计分析和GIS空间分析，获得了一批数据图表，为编制“纲要”实施方案和危机矿山专项的工作部署提供了重要依据。     

德兴铜矿床（山）地质环境模型再建

文章建立了德兴铜矿床（山）包括影响环境因素在内的，开采前、开采过程及矿山部分功能区关闭之后的环境特征四方面的地质环境模型。     

Brick tea and its health impact

Tea bush is one of the plants cultivated in acidic soil, and is a typical hyper-accumulator of F and Al. Brick tea is a kind of brick-formed tea compressed using the older and coarse leaves and branches of tea trees. Brick tea mixed with milk is drunk as a daily indispensable beverage for Mongols, Ewenki, and other minority nationalities in the pastoral and semi-pastoral areas of Northwest China. It is reported that drinking brick tea can result in dental and skeletal fluorosis due to the high F content in it. Because Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is related with Al in human brain, and Al has potential toxicities for skeletal and neural systems,     

The acid neutralizing capacity （ANC） of South Africa＇s freshwater ecosystems

Acidification is considered the most important one of the primary chemical stress factors that impact on freshwater ecosystems. In unpolluted freshwater systems, the primary controls on the degree of acidification are factors such as the geological substrate of the catchment area, the presence of organic acids secreted by vegetation in the river system, and equilibrium exchange of carbon dioxide with the atmosphere. Anthropogenic factors that can impact on the degree of acidification of freshwater systems include agricultural, mining and industrial activities, either through direct runoff into river systems or through deposition of atmospheric pollutants from these sources. The capacity factors alkalinity and acidity, which represent the acid- and base-neutralizing capacity （ANC and BCN） of an aqueous system, have been used as more reliable measures of the acidic character of freshwater systems than pH. Unlike pH, ANC and BNC are not affected by parameters such as temperature and pressure. Therefore, ANC has been employed as a predictor of biological status in critical load assessments. Freshwater systems with ANC＇s eq/L isμeq/L are considered sensitive to acidification, ANC=0 μbelow 150 commonly used as the predictor for fish species such as trout in lakes, and an eq/L as more realistic for streams. Acid-neutralizing capacity μANC value of 40 （ANC） can be determined by titration with a strong acid to a preselected equivalence point. Alternatively, it can be calculated as the difference between base cations （[BC]） and strong acid anions （[SAA]）： ANC=[BC]- [SAA]=[Ca^2＋]＋[Mg^2＋]＋[Na^＋]＋[K^＋]-[SO4^2-]-[NO3^-]-[Cl^-] To date, there has been no attempt to establish the ANC of South Africa＇s freshwater ecosystems or variability therein, despite the fact that long-term water quality monitoring data exist for all the parameters needed to calculate it according to the above equations. As a result, the relationship between the acid neutralizing capacity of freshwater ecosystems in South Africa and biodiversity factors, such as fish status, is unknown. Results of the first comprehensive （country-wide scale） evaluation of the acid neutralizing capacity of river systems in South Africa will be presented. Long-term monitoring data obtained from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry （DWAF） from most of South Africa＇s river systems were used to establish geographic and temporal variabilities in ANC. The results show that the Berg and Breede River systems are most susceptible to acidification, and that geological substrate appears to explain most of the geographic variabilities observed.     

The concentration and distribution of different mercury species in the water columns and sediment of Aha Lake

In order to find out whether Aha Lake was polluted by the acid mining waste water or not, the concentration and distribution of different mercuryspecies in the water columns and sediment profile collected from Aha Lake were investigated. It was found that discernible seasonal variation of different mercury species in water body were obtained in the Aha Reservoir. With regards to the whole sampling periods, the concentrations of HgP in the Aha Reservoir water body were evidently correlated to the concentrations of total mercury, showing that total mercury was mostly associated with particle mercury. The concentrations of methylmercury in water body were also evidently correlated to the concentrations of dissolved mercury. The dissolved mercury evidently affects the distribution and transportation of methylmercury. However, there is no correlation between methylmercury and total mercury. The dissolved mercury, reactive mercury, dissolved methylmercury levels in the water body of high flow period were much higher than those in low flow period. The distribution, speciation and levels of mercury within the Aha Reservoir water body were governed by several factors, such as the output of river, the release of sediment . Discernible seasonal variation of total mercury and methylmercury in porewater was described during the sampling periods, with the concentrations in high flow period generally higher than those in low flow period. The methylmercury in pore water column was evidently correlated to that of the sediment. The results indicated that highly elevated MeHgD concentrations in the porewater were produced at the depths from 2 to 5 cm in the sediment profile, and decreased sharply with depth. A positive correlation has been found between MeHgD formation and sulfate reducing bacterial activity. These highly elevated concentrations of MeHgD at the intersurface between waters and sediments suggest a favorable methylation condition. Moreover,