昌吉市太阳总辐射的气候学计算及其变化特征分析

利用昌吉市1961—1997年的逐日气候资料,对昌吉市1961—1997年多年平均逐日太阳总辐射进行了气候学计算,并分析了其变化特征和变化趋势,结果表明:昌吉市太阳总辐射多年平均年日总量为22.82MJ.m-2.d-1,太阳总辐射在8～9月份最高,12月份最低,昌吉市的太阳总辐射呈逐年下降趋势。     

Study of Aerodynamic Parameters on Different Underling Surfaces

Aerodynamic parameters including the zero-plane displacement (d), roughness length (20), and friction velocity (u*) on the different underlying surfaces of heavy-grazing site, medium-grazing site, light-grazing site, no-grazing site, dune, inter-dune, grassland, rice paddy site, wheat site, soybean site, and maize site have been computed based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory by utilizing the micrometeorologically observed data of dune and vegetation in the semi-arid area at Naiman, Inner Mongolia of China, conducted jointly by the Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences of Japan in 1990-1994. And their relationships between wind speed and Richardson number are analyzed. The aerodynamic characteristics of different man-made disturbed grassland ecosystems are also compared. Result shows that the vegetation coverage and the above-ground biomass decrease with the increase in man-made stress of the grassland. The roughness length for different underlying surfaces is closely related to vegetation height, above-ground biomass, and ground surface undulation, and Richardson number Ri is also its influencing factor. The friction velocity varies largely on different underlying surfaces, and it is positively proportional to wind speed and roughness length. The aerodynamic parameters of various times on the same underlying surface are different, too. Above results indicate that grassland and vegetation are of significance in preventing desertification, especially in the arid and semi-arid land ecosystems. And the results of this paper are also important for constructing the land surface physical process as well as regional climate model.     

Comparison of Three Tropical Cyclone Intensity Datasets

Analyzed in this paper are the 16-yr (1988-2003) tropical cyclone (TC) intensity data from three major forecast centers of the western North Pacific, i.e., China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Regional Specialized Meteorological Center Tokyo (RSMC Tokyo), and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) of the United States. Results show that there are significant discrepancies (at 1% significance level) in the intensity of TCs among the three centers, with a maximum difference for the same TC over 30 m s-1. The flight reconnaissance over TC can minish the discrepancy to some extent. A climatic and persistent prediction model is set up to study the impact of initial data from different forecast centers on the prediction of TC intensity. It is obtained that the root mean square error (RMSE) of a 4-yr independent test is the largest using data from JTWC, while the smallest using data from RSMC Tokyo. Average absolute deviation in 24-h intensity prediction is 2.5 m s-1 between CMA and RSMC Tokyo data, and 4.0 m s-1 between CMA and JTWC data, with a maximum deviation reaching 21 m s-1. Such a problem in the initial value increases the difficulty in intensity prediction of TCs over the western North Pacific.     

2005年登陆我国热带气旋特征分析

热带气旋是影响我国沿海的主要灾害性天气系统之一, 它产生的狂风、暴雨、巨浪和风暴潮, 给沿岸地区人民生命和国家财产安全带来严重威胁。而严重的台风灾害, 往往是台风登陆引起的。为进一步研究登陆热带气旋的活动规律, 总结了2005年登陆我国热带气旋的特点, 结果表明:2005年登陆我国热带气旋具有登陆季节短、登陆地点分布异常、台风比例异常偏高、灾害损失极为严重的特点。同时, 还讨论了2005年登陆我国热带气旋异常的气候原因, 并指出未来几年登陆热带气旋和台风的年频数处在上升趋势中。     

吸积对超新星SN 1987A的热光度贡献的再探讨

超新星ＳＮ１９８７Ａ中央可能存在的致密天体（如中子星）,通过吸积那些超新星爆发时抛射速度小于逃逸速度的物质而产生的吸积光度,对ＳＮ１９８７Ａ晚期的热光度演化有重要的贡献．本文改进了以前的理论模型,给出了更为合理的定量计算,对所提出的特殊的吸积机制作出了仔细分析,特别强调,这种吸积是膨胀包层中的物质由于引力作用引起的长时期内的连续回落,它有别于其它的吸积模型,并给出直接的观测证据．假设致密天体是１４Ｍ⊙,半径为１０６ｃｍ的中子星,我们的计算表明,它的吸积能提供足够的能量来形成ＳＮ１９８７Ａ热光度曲线在１０５０天左右时的鼓包,并且使热光度曲线从８００天以后下降变缓     

超高速切削现象的理论分析

运用金属学知识和摩擦磨损原理对超高速切削的干现象作了理论分析,结果表明,切削力较普通切削小的原因是切削力更集中地作用于切削层金属,位错易于运动、剪切变形更昂扬 及前后刀面摩擦阻力减小的结果,切削热和切削温度的固有特性与切削过程的剪切变形和前后刀面的摩擦挤压人艇特点相关;高的表面质量有赖于积梢瘤和鳞刺的消失,但后刀面与加工表面的摩擦挤压引起的隆起残留量的减少也起着重要的作用。     

河南省地热资源开发利用现状及展望

河南省地热资源丰富,在开封、周口、舞阳、济源、南阳盆地以及濮阳凹陷、汤阴地堑有望找到很好的热储层。现已开发的热储层为埋深８００～１３００ｍ的第三系中细砂层,水温４０～５０℃,水质优良。如果加深钻井深度至２０００ｍ,则有望找到７０℃以上的高温地热水,届时省内地热资源开发利用将上一个新台阶,达到供热采暖水平。文中对河南省地热资源的开发利用现状作一简要介绍,并对如何提高开发利用水平和资源保护提出建议。     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵石榴斜长角闪岩中角闪石的~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年龄及其地质意义

本文对东南极拉斯曼丘陵出露的石榴斜长角闪岩中的角闪石进行了４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ年龄测定,分别得到角闪石视年龄１５８６Ｍａ、１０１１～１０８０Ｍａ、７６１Ｍａ和５２９～５８２Ｍａ,角闪石坪年龄１０３６Ｍａ和５５４Ｍａ,角闪石Ａｒ－Ａｒ等时线年龄１０１０Ｍａ,这些同位素年龄证据,首次完整地记录了该区所经历的几乎所有构造变质热事件,为近几年国内外地质学家关于该区构造变质热事件争论的焦点问题,即晚元古代的１０００Ｍａ格林维尔事件（Ｇｒｅｎｖｉｌｉａｎ）与早古生代的５００Ｍａ泛非事件（Ｐａｎ－Ａｆｒｉｃａｎ）孰轻孰重以及前者是否存在,提供了答案。角闪石的４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ年龄测定结果表明,拉斯曼丘陵地区经历了复杂的多期变质演化历史,其原岩可能形成于早－中元古代,占主导地位的应该是晚元古代的１０００Ｍａ格林维尔事件,而５００Ｍａ泛非事件则是晚期较强烈的变质热事件。