北京第一高楼精密施工测量关键技术

中国尊大厦位于北京商务中心核心区Z15地块,建筑总高528m,为已建成的华北第一高楼,中国尊是全球第一座在地震8度设防区超过500m的外形中部略有收分的双曲线建筑造型,同时是全球地下室最深、层数最多的超高层建筑,结合工程特点难点,项目组设计了激光电子全站仪照相接收装置等专用的工具,研发了超高层标高高精度自动传递专利技术,为建筑物提供了精确的测量基准,通过信息化的监测手段对基坑以及周围环境进行信息化监测和预控,确保工程安全、顺利完成。     

GPS高程拟合法比较以及精度分析

利用GPS测量高程代替水准高程时,选取合适的GPS高程拟合方法是必不可少的。本文利用某测区94个已知点作为实验数据,其中65个作为建模点,29个作为检验点,利用不同的函数模型法和不同的统计模型法建立实验区的GPS高程拟合模型,并通过MATLAB语言设计实现GPS高程拟合模型的建立以及精度分析。通过对比分析实验证明:移动曲面拟合法是本文列举函数模型法中拟合效果最好的;基于二次曲面的Shepard拟合法是本文列举统计模型法中效果更好。     

顾及卫星空间分布状态的 GNSS信噪比随机模型

为了研究随机模型对GNSS定位精度的影响,介绍了GPS/GLONASS/BDS组合伪距单点定位的函数模型以及几种当前常用的先验随机模型。结合各个模型的优缺点,提出通过指数函数引入空间分布改善因子,建立一种改进的信噪比随机模型,并设计相关多系统伪距单点定位试验对其性能进行分析。实验结果表明:改进模型的解算精度显著优于现存的几种先验随机模型,相比等权模型在三维定位精度上提升15%～30%,相比高度角模型提升15%～25%,相比信噪比模型提升5%～15%,相比现存的PDOP模型也有明显提升。改进模型在不同遮蔽情况、双系统和三系统组合定位时精度均优于现存的信噪比随机模型,从而验证了该定权算法的有效性。     

灰色稳健总体最小二乘估计及高铁路基变形预测

最小二乘估计和部分变量误差模型的总体最小二乘估计不具备抵御粗差的能力。鉴于粗差可能同时出现在灰色白化微分方程的观测值和系数矩阵中,本文提出基于IGGⅢ抗差方案的部分变量总体最小二乘稳健估计。结合仿真数据和高铁路基观测数据,系统地比较稳健最小二乘、部分变量总体最小二乘、本文算法参数估计结果和算法稳定性。结果表明,本文算法预测精度高,可以应用到高铁路基沉降预测中。     

连作马铃薯根系分泌物鉴定及其对尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的作用

为了揭示马铃薯连作化感物质与枯萎病之间的关系,通过水培和田间长期定位试验相结合方法,收集不同连作年限马铃薯根系分泌物,采用GC-TOF-MS进行分离鉴定.结果表明:在检测到的马铃薯根系分泌的48种物质中有机酸占30种.比较轮作、连作5年和连作10年马铃薯根系分泌物中有机酸的相对含量,发现苹果酸和棕榈酸的差异比较大.马铃...     

茂名综合气象观测业务保障系统的设计与实现

基于IIS6.0,构建配置ASP、PHP应用环境,利用ASP与PHP动态网页技术共同设计与实现茂名综合气象观测业务保障系统的Web服务器平台.该系统功能包括获取茂名全市国家级气象观测站正点到报的提示信息、历史年月报表资料下载、综合观测业务工作制度查阅和区域自动气象站维护巡检信息管理等.该系统以Web页面为交互界面,采用...     

Topographically derived subpixel-based change detection for monitoring changes over rugged terrain Himalayas using AWiFS data

Continuous and accurate monitoring of earth surface changes over rugged terrain Himalayas is important to manage natural resources and mitigate natural hazards.Conventional techniques generally focus on per-pixel based processing and overlook the sub-pixel variations occurring especially in case of low or moderate resolution remotely sensed data.However,the existing subpixel-based change detection(SCD)models are less effective to detect the mixed pixel information at its complexity level especially over rugged terrain regions.To overcome such issues,a topographically controlled SCD model has been proposed which is an improved version of widely used per-pixel based change vector analysis(CVA)and hence,named as a subpixel-based change vector analysis(SCVA).This study has been conducted over a part of the Western Himalayas using the advanced wide-field sensor(AWiFS)and Landsat-8 datasets.To check the effectiveness of the proposed SCVA,the cross-validation of the results has been done with the existing neural network-based SCD(NN-SCD)and per-pixel based models such as fuzzybasedCVA(FCVA)andpost-classification comparison(PCC).The results have shown that SCVA offered robust performance(85.6%-86.4%)as comparedtoNN-SCD(81.6%-82.4%),PCC(79.2%-80.4%),and FCVA(81.2%-83.6%).We concluded that SCVA helps in reducing the detection of spurious pixels and improve the efficacy of generating change maps.This study is beneficial for the accurate monitoring of glacier retreat and snow cover variability over rugged terrain regions using moderate resolution remotely sensed datasets.     

福建德化县九户林陶瓷土(瓷石)成矿地质条件及找矿方向

九户林陶瓷土(瓷石)矿床为碱长花岗岩脉型矿床,矿体赋存在晚白垩世碱长花岗岩体中,严格受张性断裂构造控制,矿体两侧具钾长石化带-纳长石化带-云英岩化带等蚀变分带,矿体与岩体、断裂构造组成了三位一体的成矿条件,属岩浆期后结晶分异作用形成的热液型矿床,成矿条件独特,晚白垩世碱长花岗岩(κργK2)岩体中,是该区瓷土(瓷石)找...     

两种新的基于遥感影像的南极DEM精度比较与分析

南南参考高程模型(Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica,REMA)和TanDEM-X DEM是国际上新发布的两种基于遥感影像的高分辨率数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM).采用Cryosat-2卫星测高数据及冰桥计划机载测高数据对两个数字高程模...     

Experimental Studies on Extraction of Modified Suction Caisson (MSC) in Sand by Reverse Pumping Water

A suction caisson can be extracted by applying reverse pumping water,which cannot be regarded as the reverse process of installation because of the dramatically different soil?structure interaction behavior.Model tests were first carried out in this study to investigate the extraction behavior of the modified suction caisson(MSC)and the regular suction caisson(RSC)in sand by reverse pumping water.The effects of the installation ways(suction-assisted or jacking installation)and the reverse pumping rate on the variations of the over-pressure resulting form reverse pumping water were investigated.It was found that neither the RSC nor the MSC can be fully extracted from sand.When the maximum extraction displacement is obtained,the hydraulic gradient of the sand in the suction caisson reaches the critical value,leading to seepage failure.In addition,the maximum extraction displacement decreases with the increasing reverse pumping rate.Under the same reverse pumping rate,the final extraction displacements for the RSC and MSC installed by suction are lower than those for the RSC and MSC installed by jacking.The final extraction displacement of MSC is almost equal to that of the RSC with the same internal compartment length.Based on the force equilibrium,a method of estimating the maximum extraction displacement is proposed.It has been proved that the proposed method can rationally predict the maximum extraction displacement and the corresponding over-pressure.