城市地质工作开展的必要性

一、城市地质学的涵义 城市地质是专门研究城市建设与地质环境之间关系及相互作用的科学。是地质学与城市科学交叉而产生的边缘学科,是为城市建设和创造良好的城市环境而进行的地质工作。     

The application of geographic information technology to coastal geomorphology

With the development of modern oceanic observation technologies,coastal survey data have been experiencing a substantial growth.The integration management of the data from different disciplines,different sources and different formats has become a major research field in coastal geomorphology by using Geographic Information System (GIS).This paper puts forward a new methodology framework of GIS techniques in coastal ocean geomorphology,including data acquisition,process,analysis,and representation.It focuses on some major GIS techniques to study the land-ocean interaction mechanism,such as spatial analysis,submarine topography model and three-dimension (3D) visualization,and apply its result to coastal urban planning,harbor site selection and geomorphology environment about coral reef and islands on the continental shelf.The case studies cover the whole coastal ocean to serve the social community,economical development and diplomatic rights for decision-making all round in the coastal zone.The research shows clearly that the application of coastal multi-source geospatial platform has changed the traditional coastal geomorphology science dramatically from its research scope,fields and methods,however,as made clear in this paper,extracting accurate information from remote sensing data and GIS databases for coastal geomorphological applications is a nontrivial challenge that requires the combined knowledge and skills of information scientists and geomorphologists.     

Numerical Simulation of Water Level Under Interaction Between Runoff and Estuarine Dynamics in Tidal Reach of the Yangtze River

The Yangtze Estuary, the largest estuary in China, is under an obvious interaction between runoff and astronomical tide. The research on the interaction is very important for the exploitation and utilization of water resources in this area. A horizontal 2D hydrodynamic numerical model is established and verified in the present study with the modeling range from Datong to the Yangtze Estuary. Based on the comparison of high water levels under the interaction between different runoff and estuarine dynamics, s...     

Theoretical Analysis of A Buoyant Jet Interacting with Small Amplitude Waves

A new theoretical solution is presented here for the dynamic characteristics of a buoyant jet due to opposing small amplitude waves.The conservation equations of mass,tangential momentum and vertical momentum are solved by the integral method which encompasses the Gaussian profiles of velocity and density.The action of waves is incorporated into the equations of motion as an external force and a new exact solution is obtained to predict the trajectory,velocity distribution and boundary thickness of the buoyant jet over an arbitrary lateral cross section.It is found that the velocity along the centerline is inversely proportional to the ratio of the momentum of the wave to the buoyant jet.The averaged boundary width varies with the fluctuation of the boundary width,the distance from the orifice and the velocity correction function.Owing to the motion d waves,the fluctuation of the boundary width is proportional to the wave steepness.     

利用jason-1资料验证区域海气耦合模式模拟台风浪的有效性

本文基于中尺度大气模式MM5、区域海洋模式POM及第三代海浪模式WW3建立了综合考虑海气间动力、热力相互作用的区域海气耦合模式系统.利用耦合模式模拟中国南海的两次典型的台风过程,并利用iasotl-1卫星高度计资料验证耦合模式模拟台风浪的有效性.结果表明:耦合模式能够较好地模拟南海台风的移动和强度,但模拟台风系统略偏弱,耦合模式对正常路径台风的模拟效果优干转向型台风;耦合模式能够模拟出南海台风过程中海浪场的演变特征,模拟结果与iason实测值相关性较好,相对误差在可接受范围;区域海气耦合模式为台风等强天气过程中海洋、气象要素演变特征及海-气界面相互作用过程的研究开辟了一条有效途径.     

横向受迫振荡圆柱低雷诺数绕流问题数值模拟

对雷诺数Re=200的圆柱在均匀来流中横向受迫振荡的问题进行数值模拟分析.通过改变运动圆柱的振荡频率和振幅,分析圆柱所受作用力及圆柱尾流泻涡结构的变化特性,振荡圆柱在非锁定状态和锁定状态下作用力曲线和圆柱尾流泻涡结构的变化情况,以及不同圆柱振荡频率和振幅情况下单个振荡周期内圆柱尾流泻涡结构模式之间的转换特征.     

人地系统耦合下生态系统服务与人类福祉关系研究进展与展望

21世纪以来生态系统服务退化与人类需求提升间的矛盾愈发激烈,如何有效推进生态系统服务与人类福祉的协调平衡成为当前可持续发展的核心主题.论文通过梳理生态系统服务与人类福祉关系研究的阶段演进发现,现有研究主要从服务对福祉的影响与福祉对服务的反馈切人,逐步聚焦到供需关系与空间流动、权衡/协同的利益博弈、文化服务的价值化、生态...     

涌浪对风浪能量影响的实验研究

在实验室风浪水槽中进行纯风浪和混合浪波面位移观测,研究波长较长的规则波对风浪能量的影响.本文用混合浪和纯风浪中的风浪显著波的零阶谱矩之比代表混合浪中的风浪与纯风浪能量之比,并以此表征涌浪对风浪能量的影响.研究了该能量比随涌浪波陡S、风区x、波龄倒数u/C、涌浪频率与纯风浪谱峰频率之比fs/fwp的变化规律.结果表明,涌浪对风浪能量的抑制作用随涌浪波陡的增加、波龄倒数的增大及涌浪频率与纯风浪谱峰频率之比的增大而增强.发现该能量比依赖于无因次量R=(1+80(πS)2)1.9(fs/fwp)0.9(u/C)0.27,并拟合得到2者的经验关系.此外,本文实验还发现,在某些情况下,涌浪的存在使风浪能量增加.     

北太平洋副热带环流变异及其对我国近海动力环境的影响

我国东部陆架海和南海是国防安全的重要门户;位处第二岛链以西的副热带北太平洋既是各国争夺的重要海区,又是我国从近海走向大洋的重要通道.围绕"北太平洋副热带环流变异如何通过黑潮与我国近海动力环境之间相互作用"这一国际前沿科学问题,国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"北太平洋副热带环流变异及其对我国近海动力环境的影响"于2007年9月正式立项.该项目不仅有助于拓展和丰富海洋动力学理论,揭示我国近海及邻近大洋动力环境变异机制,提高预测能力,而且也将为维护我国国防安全和海洋权益,为可持续开发利用海洋资源提供海洋动力环境保障.该项目主要研究内容包括:①北太平洋副热带环流变异和调整机理;②黑潮与我国近海的能量与水体交换过程及机制;③北太平洋副热带环流变异与大气驱动力的耦合效应;④我国近海及邻近大洋动力环境变异的可预测性研究.拟解决的关键科学问题为:北太平洋副热带内区环流变异的机理及其对黑潮的影响;黑潮源头变异机理及其对吕宋海峡水交换的影响和黑潮变异机理及其对东部陆架海域动力环境的影响.     

环南极救世涡旋

南大洋是世界上第五个被确定的大洋，也是唯一一个完全环绕地球、没有被大陆分割的大洋。南大洋围绕着南极大陆，从地理上看属于太平洋、大西洋和印度洋南部的海域，以前一直被看作是太平洋、大西洋和印度洋向南极大陆的延伸，后因在那里发现了重要的不同洋流，国际水文地理组织才于2000年将其确定为一个独立的大洋。但由于南大洋不存在一个独立的大洋中脊，因此将它划作一个大洋是否恰当仍存在争议。又因其所处的特殊地理位置及其在极地和全球气候变化中所扮演的重要角色，使得南大洋成为研究海气相互作用和全球气候变化的一个重要地理单元。