长江口粘性泥沙在流动盐水中的沉降速度

本文报道了粘性泥沙在流动盐水中的沉降试验,计算了衰减系数、沉降速度。试验结果表明,粘性泥沙的动水絮凝沉速与静水絮凝沉速相比,前者要此后者小得多。本文的结论对长江口工程规划、设计及环境评价等均有参考价值。     

The effects of enriched CO2 and enhanced UV-B radiation on ultra-structure of Dunaliella salina, singly and in combination

The effects of ambient CO2/ambient UV-B, enriched CO2/ambient UV-B, ambient CO2/enhanced UV-B, and enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B on the ultrastructure of Dunaliella salina were investigated. （1） The ultrastructure of D..salina cell in the control experiment showed that the arrangement of thylakoid lamellae was regular, and there were many large starch grains among the thylakoid lamellae. A prominent well-developed pyrenoid was found in the middle of the chloroplast. Nucleus envelope and nucleolus were clearly observed. The Golgi apparatus accompanied by numerous vesicles with a compact arrangement of cisternae and the peripheral tips of the cisternae were swollen to a size comparable to that of some of the associated vesicles. （2） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enriched CO2 showed that the arrangement of thylakoid was regular and the lamellae were vivid. Developed pyrenoids were found in the low-CO2-grown cells, but not in the high-CO2-grown cells. The mitochondria cristae were vivid. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was compact. （3） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enhanced UV-B showed that the thylakoid was dissolved and the cells had a less developed pyrenoid or no detectable pyrenoid. Part of the nucleus envelope was dissolved. The number ofmitochondria was increased and some mitochondria cristae were disintegrated. The starch grains were broken apart into many small starch grains. The Golgi apparatus with a loose arrangement ofcistemae and the peripheral tips of the Golgi cistemae were not especially swollen, with several large associated vesicles. （4） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in the enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B showed that part of the thylakoid and nucleus envelopes of some cells were dissolved. The pyrenoid was larger than that of the enhanced UV-B. There were many mitochondria between stroma and chloroplast membrane, but mitochondria cristae were partly dissolved. Many small starch grains were accumulated in cells. The starch sheath was broken into several discontinuous starch grains with different sizes. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was loose. Above all, although the enriched CO2 can alleviate the damage induced by the UV-B radiation, the effects of experimental UV-B radiation were larger than the effects of actual UV-B radiation, the damage induced by the UV-B radiation was so severe, therefore, CO2 enrichment could not restore the ultrastructure to the control level.     

水文气象条件变化对长江口盐水入侵影响研究

分析论述了长江口盐水入侵的研究现状、影响因素、入侵变化规律及时空分布特征,将三维数值模式EFDC应用于长江口及其邻近海域,对长江口、杭州湾及邻近海区的水动力特性及盐度进行数值计算,研究结果表明,北港的盐水入侵强度高于北槽,北槽的盐水入侵强度又高于南槽,并且北港淡水往外冲淡的强度也高于南、北槽.在模拟长江口水动力特征和盐...     

高含盐水对浮选的影响与应对措施研究进展

采用高盐分、高硬度的海水、苦卤水、高循环选矿回水等高含盐水进行浮选将是未来沿海缺水地区选矿行业发展的必经之路,这些高含盐水中高浓度离子对矿物浮选的影响机理一直是选矿研究的热点之一。本文回顾了国内外学者在海水、苦卤水、高循环选矿回水等对矿物浮选影响及其作用机制方面的研究工作,系统分析了高含盐水中离子对浮选气泡、矿物表面性质以及浮选药剂的影响。高含盐水给矿物浮选带来众多积极影响,包括降低气泡表面张力产生数量更多、稳定性更强的气泡,提高矿化泡沫形成几率;压缩矿物表面双电层,减弱矿物颗粒之间的静电力,减小细粒脉石矿物浮选过程中的夹带等。同时,高含盐水中的离子也会消耗浮选药剂,且强碱性条件下高价碱金属离子在矿物表面形成亲水沉淀降低矿物可浮性,影响选矿指标。针对高含盐水的负面影响,认为主要应对措施包括研发消除高钙镁离子影响和高耐受性药剂以及淡化、软化高盐水,这也是未来使用高含盐水浮选必然关注的重点。     

钱塘江河口段盐水入侵的时空变化及预测模型

杭州城市供水85%取自钱塘江河口段,取水水质在枯水大潮期都不同程度地受到盐水入侵的威胁,分析钱塘江河口盐水入侵时空变化及研制二维数值预测模型对保障城市供水安全十分必要。根据钱塘江河口段实测水文氯度资料,分析了强潮作用下盐水入侵的时空变化特征;据此构建考虑斜压作用的二维水流、盐度输移的耦合数学模型,计算格式采用守恒性较好的有限体积法;在模型验证的基础上,数值分析了径流和潮汐对钱塘江河口段盐水入侵的影响,结果表明河口段的盐水入侵明显地受径流和潮汐的影响,据此可通过增大上游新安江水库的下泄流量抑制盐水入侵上溯以减小取水口氯度及超标时间,确保用水安全。     

S/D-2井欠饱和盐水钻井液技术

S/D-2井在井深2480 m以后钻遇了大段复杂的盐膏层,由于盐的溶解而造成井径扩大及盐析而结晶造成卡钻。针对上述问题,应用了聚磺欠饱和盐水钻井液体系,解决了钻遇盐膏层后的井壁失稳、钻井液污染等技术问题。详细介绍了该井聚磺欠饱和盐水钻井液的应用技术。     

“抗盐水稻”经初步评审——两个品种可逐步推广

我院自1976年开始承担山东省科委下达培育“海水稻”的研究任务，经过6年多的努力，已获初步成果。为了总结经验，检验成果，以利于下一步工作的开展，青岛市科委受省科委的委托，于1982年8月30日至9月1日在潍坊地区召开了评审会议。有23个单位44名科技人员和领导干部出席了会议。     

松辽盆地长10区块扶余油层运移输导通道及对油成藏的控制

通过油藏解剖和其与成藏条件时空配置关系分析,在总结长10区块扶余油层油运移机制及模式的基础上,对其运移输导通道及其对油成藏与分布的控制作用进行了研究,得到长10区块扶余油层油运移输导通道主要包括①T2源断裂是三肇凹陷青一段源岩生成的油向下伏扶杨油层“倒灌”运移的输导通道;②T2断裂配合砂体是三肇凹陷扶杨油层中油向长10区块侧向运移的输导通道。长10区块扶余油层油运移输导通道对油成藏与分布的控制作用主要表现为①T2源断裂发育程度控制着三肇凹陷向长10区块扶余油层油供给量;②T2断裂密集带是长10区块扶余油层油聚集的主要区域,被T2断裂配合砂体形成的输导通道连接的高断块是油聚集的主要部位。     

长江口南港河段咸潮入侵分析*

本文根据吴淞、高桥的大量实测资料,分析了南港河段咸潮入侵的变化特性。利用长江大通站长系列的流量资料,采用流量机率推算水质机率。南港河段每年受到盐水入侵影响,但不同水文年入侵程度相差悬殊。