壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚及其降解产物对水生生物的毒理效应

研究了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚及其降解产物 4 壬基酚对水生生物的毒理效应。结果表明 ,壬基酚聚氧乙烯 (10 )醚和 4 壬基酚对水生生态系统中的各级生物都有一定的急性毒性 ,水生生物对这 2种化合物的敏感性顺序为 :枝角类 >鱼类 >藻类 >微生物 ,且 4 壬基酚的毒性程度较壬基酚聚氧乙烯 (10 )醚更强。Ames试验同时表明 4 壬基酚具有致突变性 ,而壬基酚聚氧乙烯 (10 )醚则不显致突变活性。建议这 2种物质在水环境中的允许浓度为 :ρ(4 壬基酚 )≤ 0 .0 14mg/L ;ρ(壬基酚聚氧乙烯 (10 )醚 )≤ 0 .6 0mg/L。     

虾—鱼—贝—藻多池循环水生态养殖模式的研究

建立了一种虾、鱼、贝、藻多池循环水生态养殖及水质生物调控系统 ,该系统包括对虾养殖、鱼类养殖、贝类养殖、大型海藻栽培等 4个功能不同的养殖区 ,1个水处理区及 1个应急排水渠。通过在封闭循环系统内不同池塘中放养生态位互补的经济动植物 ,对虾池水质环境进行生物调控。结果表明 ,循环系统内虾池水层悬浮物数量、COD值、氨态氮含量比对照组单养对虾池明显降低 (t检验 ,P <0 .0 1)。养殖后排放水不处于富营养化状态 (E <1)。投入每千克对虾饲料生产0 .6 6 7kg对虾 ,同时生产 0 .0 37kg罗非鱼、0 .738kg牡蛎、0 .4 37kg江蓠 ,饲料利用率和经济效益显著增加。该养殖模式还具有防病性、环保性、高效性等优点     

柴达木盆地西部典型油田原油地球化学特征对比

利用色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析技术,系统剖析了柴达木盆地西部南区尕斯库勒、油砂山油田(A区)与北区南翼山、油泉子油田(B区)原油的生物标志化合物组成和分布特征,探讨了A区和B区原油的成因差异及其地质影响因素.结果表明:A区部分浅层原油正构烷烃碳数分布不完整,具有异常高的姥鲛烷(Pr)与n-C17峰面积比值和植烷(Ph)与n-C18峰面积比值,说明A区浅层油藏保存条件较差,部分原油遭受了轻微生物降解;A区和B区原油中甾藿比均大于2.4,且甾烷C27R与甾烷C29R峰面积比值多大于1,指示这2个区域原油母质来源都以浮游藻类为主,但B区原油中甾烷C27R与甾烷C29R峰面积比值和补身烷系列相对含量普遍高于A区,表明B区原油浮游藻类和细菌生源贡献可能相对较高;所有原油都具有低姥植比、高伽马蜡烷含量的特点,且都检测出一定丰度的β-胡萝卜烷,说明生成原油的烃源岩形成于强还原咸水沉积环境,但A区原油中姥植比、伽马蜡烷指数以及 β-胡萝卜烷与C30藿烷峰面积比值明显高于B区,且升藿烷系列呈“翘尾巴”分布模式,而B区原油则没有这种现象,揭示生成A区原油的烃源岩沉积水体盐度更高、还原性更强;甾烷异构体比值(C2920S/(20S+ 20R)值和C29ββ/(ββ+αα)值)表明A区均为低熟原油,而B区多为成熟原油.结合柴达木盆地西部第三纪湖盆沉积和构造演化史,认为南区与北区烃源岩沉积相带的不同空间展布情况是造成A区与B区原油地球化学特征差异的根本原因.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西峰地区延长组烃源岩两环烷烃分布特征及其生源

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部西峰地区三叠系延长组烃源岩检出丰富的两环烷烃,主要为C12~C14和C15、C16两组两环烷烃。其相对丰度表现出3种源岩模式:1以低碳数两环烷烃为主,出现于长71和长81段非烃源岩;2两组两环烷烃都很丰富,出现于长73段富有机质烃源岩;3以高碳数两环烷烃为主,主要发现于长73段烃源岩,也见于长72和长81段。尽管长7段热演化程度基本一致,但补身烷异构化指数变化明显,表明补身烷重排不仅受热演化的影响,而且受有机质来源和沉积环境的控制。延长组烃源岩具有明显的高补身烷优势,反映了烃源岩的还原性沉积环境。烃源岩高丰度C15、C16两环烷烃的检出则指示该地区晚三叠世发育淡水湖泊。葡萄藻不仅是该地区中生界石油的重要母质来源,而且可能是这些两环类标志物的直接生源。     

Biodiversity and invasibility: Distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal

Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively high.Consequently, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar trend.Additionally, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.     

广西隆林祥播礁与突尼斯礁房室海绵重现率研究

生物礁的研究对油气勘探具有重要意义。二叠纪生物礁的世界对比研究是二叠纪生物礁今后的研究方向之一，本文提出了重现申这一适用于不同礁之间生物群对比的参数，并据之对广西隆林祥播礁与突尼斯礁的房室海绵作了对比研究。根据计算，祥播礁的房室海绵在突尼斯礁中的重现率为７０％。     

陕西镇巴火焰溪法门阶牙形刺研究

陕西镇巴火焰溪剖面位于大巴山西段，临近川陕交界、交通便利。那里晚泥盆世地层出露完好，层序清楚，化石丰富。本文就该剖面法门阶牙形刺动物群、泥盆系石炭系的界线进行了研讨，建立了该区法门阶的两个浅水相牙形刺生物组合带。     

中国恐龙地质公园知多少？——亿万年前的恐龙世界

恐龙,在地球生物史的芸芸众生中,是一个最令人怦然心动的名字。它们生活在距今约2.2亿年前到距今约6500万年前的地球上,曾是统治地球长达1.5亿年的霸主。然而,就在6500万年前,它们突然之间全部灭绝,给后世的人们留下了数不尽的困惑,成了地球生物演化史上的一个不解之谜。     

掌鳞刺属演化及晚泥盆世环境变迁

牙形石掌鳞刺属Palmatolepis齿台结构和形态随时间演替 ,由近正三角形向长三角形、长菱形演化 ,在F/F界线附近受地质事件的影响而中断 ,使Palmatolepis齿台结构呈二段式发展 ,在Palmatolepis的分子中 ,那些演化速度快 ,结构变化大的分子首先灭绝 ,而那些演化速度慢 ,结构变化小的分子延续时间长 ,分布范围也更加广泛 ,在地质事件中被保留下来并得以延续 ,这种演化规律可能是生物有选择性灭绝与复苏的原因之一。晚泥盆世F/F之交环境的变化可能是由于海退 ,海底毒气喷发 ,超量金属元素的污染造成的     

ECOLOGICAL SERIES OF SOIL ANIMALS IN DARLIDAI MOUNTAIN

The ecological series of soil animals under the broad-leaved and pine mixed forest in Darlidai Mountainwas studied. Seven sample plots were selected according to different altitude gradients, which belong to different vegeta-tion types. By investigating and analyzing soil animals in every sample plot it is found that there are 45 groups and 1956individuals, which axe involved in 3 phylums, 7 classes, 16 orders, respectively. The altitude is a key factor which af-fects ecological series of soil animals. Both the groups and individuals of soil animals increase with altitude increasingunder certain conditions, which contrastes with ordinary cases, resulting from special micro-climate in studied area. Thegroups and individuls of soil animals are the most under the broad-leaved and pine forest on the top of the mountain, andthe least under Picea-Abies forest in the foot of the mountain.