新疆达坂城西南一带奇尔古斯套组硅质岩地球化学特征及成因讨论

奇尔古斯套组硅质岩SiO2含量较高,Al2O3、TiO2含量变化较大,反映出较多的外来物质的加入;Si/ (Al+Fe+Mn)、Al/ (Al+ Fe+ Mn)、MnO/TiO2、Al2 O3/(Al2 O3+ Fe3 O2)值较高,反映其为生物化学成因,形成于大陆边缘环境;Fe2O3/TiO2对Al2O3/(Al2 O3+ Fe2O3)图解同样说明其形成于大陆边缘环境.REE较高,HREE富集不明显,北美页岩标准化后的稀土配分模式曲线较为平坦,向左倾斜不明显,(La/Ce)shale值较低,δCeshale值较高,无明显Ce负异常,反映奇尔古斯套组硅质岩属生物化学成因硅质岩,形成于大陆边缘环境; (La/Ce)shale对Al2 O3/(Al2 O3+Fe2 O3)图解亦说明其形成于大陆边缘环境.微量元素中Hf含量高,而Be、Li、Nb、Rb、Sr、Ta、Th、U、V、Zr含量低;Ba元素含量低;Co、Ni贫富相当,Co/Ni值较高,U/Th值低,说明奇尔古斯套组硅质岩属于正常的生物化学成因的硅质岩.     

Long interspersed elements in three species of Gracilaria （Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta）

In order to find out whether long interspersed elements (LINEs) existed in macro-algae ge- nomes or not, we tested the LINE homologues in representative families (species): Gracilaria (G. eucheumoides Harv., G. tenuistipitata Chang et Xia, and G. textorii (Sur) De-Toni), Laminaria (L. longis- sima Miyabe and L. japonica Aresch.), and Ulva (U. lactuca L. and U. pertusa Kjellm.) during 2004 to 2005. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out with degenerate oligonucleotide primers de- signed from LINEs of rice homologues and Cin4 of maize. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products revealed that 4 clones that derived from 3 species of Gracilaria have LINE homologues. The nucleotide sequences of the 4 LINE homologues diverged greatly, but the amino acid sequences deduced from them were relatively conserved. The endonuclease regions of the LINE homologues greatly di- verged from that of other plants, but they had closer phylogenetic relationship to Zepp elements in Chlor- ella sp., which indicated that sequence divergence by vertical transmission has been a major influence on the evolution of algal LINEs.     

Effect of copper on biochemical responses of the earthworm Eiseniafetida

Contamination sites pose significant environmental hazards to terrestrial ecosystems. Evaluation of the effects of contaminants in soils has become a priority for OECD countries. The biomarker approach is widely used both in vertebrates and in invertebrates for environmental biomonitoring. Eisenia fetida would provide diagnostic and prognostic early warning tests for monitoring soil contamination. These responses, often called early warning signals, would, in fact, give very important information when assessing the environmental risks of contamination. However, the use of biomarkers requires the identification of every possible variation that can influence the biochemical response, because ecosystems are generally subject to a mixture of pollutants,     

Starvation on changes in growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii

The effect of starvation on physiological and biochemical indicators of body, muscle and hepatopancreas were investigated for juvenile red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii), and the results showed the effect was obvious. In a 70-day starvation experiment, mean body weight, exuvial rate, ab- dominal muscle ratio and hepatosomatic index decreased significantly. The percentage of protein, fat, ash and moisture were also significantly affected. The protein content decreased sharply at Day 30 onward and the percentage of fat decreased rapidly from Day 50 and on. The percentages of ash and moisture started to increase significantly at Day 40 and 30 respectively. After the starvation experiment, the hepa- topancreatic total and neutral lipid content decreased slightly from 23.90% to 20.39% and 73.75% to 70.35%, while the hepatopancreatic polar lipid content increased from 23.81% to 27.32%. On the other hand, all the muscular total, neutral and polar lipid contents, and the muscular fatty acid compositions did not change significantly except for the hepatopancreatic fatty acid composition. The relative percentages of 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9 were decreased by 55.17%, 11.11%, 8.5% and 6.70% from the initial values, and the relative percentages of 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 increased obvi- ously from 5.2%, 3.9%, 2.4%, 10.6%, and 13.7% to 7.1%, 5.0%, 2.8%, 11.5%, and 14.4% respectively. Preference of utilization of fatty acids from hepatopancreas during starvation was as follows: 14:0>16:0>16:1n-7>18:1n-9, and the conservation of highly unsaturated fatty acids was in the order of: 18:2n-6 >18:3n-3>20:4n-6>20:5n-3>22:6n-3.     

东海沉积物中脂肪酸分布特征

Monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids in sea-floor sediments of the Jizhou Island and estuarine sediments at the Yangtze River mouth have been examined by using thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography as well as computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Free and bound fatty acids distributed in the sea-floor sediments show remarkable even/odd predominances except for sample 8138. Monocarboxylic acids show a unimodal distribution, ranging from n-C14 to n-C32. with the maximum at n-C16 while dicarboxylic acids also show a unimodal distribution, ranging from di-Cl6 to di-C32 with the maximum at di-C24 or di-C28. Evidence from the distribution of fatty adds in the East China Sea sediments indicatesthat these monoearboxylic acids are probably derived from algal debris and,these dicarboxylic acids are derived from terrigenous higher plant detritus.     

成都平原土壤中钾元素分布特征与农业可持续发展

扼要阐述了钾元素的生物化学作用，特别是钾元素对小麦、水稻、油菜等大宗农作物的生物化学效应，详述了成都平原土壤中全钾、速效钾的分布特征及其与地质前景的关系，提出了要保持本地区农业可持续发展必须注意合理作用钾肥。     

金属矿物的生物组构与生物化学作用

本文讨论了金属矿物的生物组构与生物化学作用的关系，作者认为金属矿物的生物组构的反应与生物化学作用具有相似性。     

温度对不同规格欧鳗消化器官蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性影响的初步研究

本试验设置的8个反应温度组为5℃，15℃，20℃，25℃，30℃，35℃，45℃和55℃，欧鳗分51．5～57．5g，92．5～99．5g，128．5～136g，226～233g4种规格，试验结果表明，蛋白酶活性在4种规格均表现为肠＞胃＞肝，并均随温度升高而增强。在45℃蛋白酶活性最强，其中51．5～57．5g规格组肠蛋白酶活性显著较高．淀粉酶活性，基本上随着温度升高活力升高，温度在25℃时活性最高，以后其活性又开始下降。肝、肠、胃淀粉酶活性在两种较小规格下，胃＞肠＞肝，在较大规格，肝＞肠＞胃。     

锯缘青蟹不同器官组织中总抗氧化能力和SOD活性的比较研究

采用生化测定的方法,对锯缘青蟹的鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉等不同器官组织中的总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活性进行了测定.结果表明,不同器官组织中的总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活性各异.总抗氧化能力由强至弱依次为肝胰腺>肌肉>鳃,分别为71.16±17.75U/mg蛋白,28.55±4.45U/mg蛋白,19.82±3.20U/mg蛋白.而超氧化物歧化酶活性由强至弱则依次为肝胰腺>鳃>肌肉,分别为38.62±5.24 NU/mg蛋白,27.08±4.79 NU/mg蛋白,6.33±1.54 NU/mg蛋白.统计分析显示,各器官组织间的总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活性有显著性差异(p<0.01),这与不同器官组织的生理功能是密切相关的.     

三种绿藻多糖的提取及理化性质和活性比较

采用80℃水浴8h、乙醇沉淀、Sevage法去除蛋白质的方法提取湛江裂片石莼、肠浒苔和总状蕨藻多糖，并用Molish反应、Fehling反应鉴定多糖的化学性质，用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖的总糖含量，用Dodgson法测定多糖的硫酸基含量，用Folin-酚法测定多糖的蛋白质含量．结果表明：3种绿藻的多糖提取率和多糖总糖含量以裂片石莼最高，分别为3．0％和72．6％，总状蕨藻最低分别为1．65％和38．6％；3种绿藻的硫酸基含量相差不大．总状蕨藻的蛋白质含量最高，为14．5％．3种多糖溶液作用于体外白血病细胞结果以总状蕨藻的抑制效果最明显，浓度为12mg／dm^3的总状蕨藻多糖溶液作用72h的抑瘤率达66％．