基于地球化学的广西靖西三合沉积型铝土矿物质来源约束

广西靖西三合沉积型铝土矿位于桂西铝土矿成矿带西部,区域上与吞盘寒武系相邻,而三合矿区具有从西南到东北方向矿石品位先升高后降低的特点,为了探究两者之间的关系以及对本区成矿规律的影响,通过主量成分和微量元素进行对比分析,探讨两者之间的相互关系。结果表明：(1)桂西地区吞盘寒武系Al₂O₃的含量明显高于辉绿岩Al₂O₃的含量以及钦甲花岗岩体Al₂O₃的含量,说明吞盘寒武系具备为三合铝土矿提供物质的基本条件;两者Zr-Hf、Nb-Ta呈高度正相关关系,具有相似的稀土配分曲线,轻重稀土比值、δEu值也很接近,显示出密切的物源供给关系。(2)其沉积环境以海陆交互相—海相沉积为主,并具有中部矿段呈弱还原环境,西南矿段和东北矿段为过渡—弱氧化环境的特征。(3)二叠纪时期海进方向由西南向东北推进,有利于将吞盘隆起的寒武系古风化壳的成矿物质运移到三合地区沉积而成矿,并制约其矿石品位。     

东北湿地生态环境调研

1引言湿地是水陆相互作用形成的特殊自然综合体,更因其巨大的水文和元素循环功能,被称为"地球之肾",是自然界最具生产力的生态系统之一[1]。     

不同过滤条件下黄色物质的吸收光谱演化特征分析

在实验室对青岛近岸现场水样进行处理、分析,获得了原始状态下水样和被过滤（0.22μm,0.45μm）黄色物质水样的吸收光谱数据,除进一步验证了黄色物质光谱分布模式外,还测得黄色物质光吸收随滤膜孔径的变化。30个现场样品在波长380nm处吸收系数统计平均值^—Ay（380）分析表明,当使用0.45μm过滤器对水样进行处理,所获得的^—Ay（380）值要比未经过处理的现场水样所测得的^—Ay（380）值高约2.1％;而用0.22μm过滤器对现场水样进行处理,所获得的^—Ay（380）值要比未经过处理的现场样品所测得的^—Ay（380）值高约12．6％,要比用0．45μm过滤器处理的现场样品所测得的^—Ay（380）值高约10.3％,这些数据的获得为现有已获黄色物质数据的“归一化”和统一评判以及未来黄色物质测量数据的准确性判断与比较提供了参考。     

Wind impact on pollutant transport in a shallow estuary

A three-dimensional numerical model, EFDC （ environmental fluid dynamics code） is applied to the Pamlico River Estuary （PRE） in eastern North Carolina of the United States to examine the wind impact on pollutant age distributions and residence time. A series of model experiments representing base case, remote-wind-induced water level set-up and local winds cases are conducted. Model results indicate that the pollutant mean age and the system residence time are functions of gravitational circulation in the PRE. The system responses to remote-wind-induced water level set-up are different in different portions of the PRE. Under such condition, dissolved substances in the upstream portion of the PRE have a younger age and shorter residence time （compared with the base case） , by contrast, they have a older age and longer residence time in the downstream portion of the PRE. Upriver and downriver local winds appear to have opposite impacts on pollutant age distributions. The substances are retained much longer within the PRE under upriver wind than those under downriver wind. The model results also suggest that across - river winds may lead to longer residence time through enhanced turbulence mixing, which slows down the gravitational circulation in the PRE.     

2004年夏季台湾浅滩及其邻近海域悬浮体成分与分布特征

本文根据2004年7月25日至8月10日在台湾浅滩及其邻近海域获取的悬浮体样品,采用了"微孔滤膜法"取得数据,利用偏光显微镜、体视显微镜和扫描电镜及能谱分析,结果表明:悬浮体含量在水平分布上为由近岸向外逐渐降低,总体上表层悬浮体含量高于底层;悬浮体的成分包括粗颗粒组份(它生矿物碎屑、自生矿物和生源碎屑)和细颗粒组份(无机矿物颗粒和超微生源颗粒),其中表层矿物碎屑分布特征为由岸向外递减,底层矿物碎屑则为近岸低、浅滩区高和浅滩外侧低;自生矿物和表层生源碎屑都具有自岸向外增加的特点;细颗粒组份中无机矿物颗粒为主,超微生源颗粒含量较少.研究区悬浮体分布受水文因素、物质来源及海底地形的影响,中国大陆陆源输入影响研究区悬浮体成分及其分布特征.     

热带太平洋次表层三维海温距平场的EOF分析

应用太平洋次表层海温距平资料构造了一个立体的西低东高的四级阶梯模型,使用EOF方法对此模型进行时空分解,重点讨论了分解结果与ENSO循环的关系,并对Nino 3距平指数进行试预报,结果表明,用 EOF分解的第一主分量代表暖池-厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)模态,第二主分量代表次表层温度距平的东西运移模态,厄尔尼诺事件正是东西运移模态突变的结果.时滞相关分析估算,一次ENSO循环的平均周期约为41个月,厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜模态与温度距平的东西运移模态的位相差平均约为9.7个月.应用逐步回归方法得到超前Nino 3距平指数3、6和12个月的3个预报方程.预报结果表明,第一、第二时间系数对Nino 3距平指数均具有一定的预报价值,预报时效可达1 a左右.     

基于遥感技术对黄河口水色与岸线季相变化特征研究

使用Landsat-5 TM 2004年11月24日与2005年5月13日黄河口遥感影像,配合准同期外业实测资料,进行黄河口水体水色物质叶绿素a与悬浮泥沙的动态反演与河口岸线解译.研究表明由于秋末与春初黄河上游来水物质含量的差异,上述悬浮指标值存在显著的季相差异.根据样值与光谱特征建立的反演模型得出的反演值与实测值有平均在0.85以上的相关关系,具有很好的反演效果.岸线解译成果表明,黄河口岸线演变迅速,在河流平枯水量时期仍然具有较强的变化,岸线推进尤以新河口附近显著.这表明,使用遥感手段是进行河口生态环境质量监测的有效手段,是进行岸线动态变化研究的一种基本技术支撑手段.     

东地中海对气候作用力的响应：来自最后两个间冰期高峰的认知

有关地中海海洋系统对气候效应的灵敏性这一问题仍处于争辩阶段。在这里,我们研究了在过去最后两个间冰期高峰期间东地中海海洋循环对日照效应的长期反应,在这期间大规模的水文变化导致了富含有机质的沉积物的沉积。     

Preliminary comparison of trace metals in coastal aerosols between Qingdao and Liverpool

Aerosol samples were collected at two coastal suburban stations, Qingdao （China） in 1995-1996 and Liverpool （U.K.） in 1995, respectively. The samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of trace metals （Cr, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, V, and Cd） as well as A1, Fe and Mn. Data were examined to understand the difference of trace metals in aerosols between coastal zones downwind the developing area （near the Yellow Sea） and developed region （near the Irish Sea）. The results show that most elements at Qingdao have levels 4-5 times higher than those at Liverpool, particularly for the crust-dominated elements （e.g. Al, Fe and Mn）. Moreover, the aerosol composition at Qingdao is higher in spring than in summer, underlying the influence of westerlies and local emissions in combination, whereas seasonal change of aerosol composition is not significant at Liverpool. The enrichment factors for the crustal source elements （EFcrust） at Liverpool are much higher than those at Qingdao. The contributions from the pollutant source （Rp） for some trace metals like Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd are 〉90% at Qingdao and Liverpool, suggesting overwhelming anthropogenic contributions to these metals. The contributions from crustal source （Re） for trace metals tend to increase with higher aerosol levels and Al concentration at Qingdao, indicating a good correlation between the crust-dominated component and the air mass. At Liverpool, the Rc values for trace metals are positively correlated with Al concentrations instead of with aerosol mass, suggesting that Al in aerosols represents the crustal component even though the aerosols come from different sources.     

Isotopic tracing of ore-forming source materials for Dexing porphyry copper deposit of Jiangxi, China

Dexing copper deposit is the biggest porphyry copper deposit in China. By researching isotopes of C, Si and Cu from the samples of Tongchang and Fujiawu ore-field, the authors found that δ^13 CpDB values of siderite were close to the δ^13 CpDB value of original magma; δ^30Si values of the samples at the ore-forming stage were close to the δ^30 Si value range of magma, δ^30Si values of partial samples were far away from it; Cu isotopic compositions of massive chalcopyrite formed at the early ore-forming stage are higher than that of veinal chalcopyrite formed at the later ore-forming stage. The results show that ore-forming materials were mainly derived from the porphyry body, and part of them were from wall rock materials.