注入生活气息 鲜活地理课堂

新课程提倡从生活中学习地理,让学生感受到地理是鲜活的,贴近现实生活的,有价值的。教学中教师要结合生活实际,帮助学生找到地理知识与生活的联系,激起学生强烈的学习动机。     

支撑现有生活需1．5个地球

如果把地球看作一辆超级巴士,那么它已经严重超载了。世界自然基金会（WWF）最新发布的《地球生命力报告2010》显示,人类对于自然资源的需求已超出地球生态承载力的50％。换句话说,现代人向自然“巧取豪夺”的生活方式需要1．5个地球来支撑。《报告》警告人类,目前的消费模式将让我们走上不归路。     

渠坡上基桩的水平承载机制试验研究

南水北调中线工程建设中,交通桥和生产桥的支承结构大部分坐落在两侧渠坡上;运行期间的荷载（特别是水平荷载）通过桥墩和承台传到置于渠坡的桩基础上,在一定的深度范围内将产生桩、土分离及不均匀沉降,拉裂基础与渠坡结构层的结合,影响渠道的防渗效果。为了采取有效的防治措施,需要掌握渠坡斜面上基桩的变形机制。作为研究环节之一,通过物理模型试验研究了渠坡上基桩的水平承载机制,结果表明：基桩处在渠坡上的抗变形能力要比处在水平地基上的抗变形能力弱,水平承载能力比基桩处在水平地基上的要小。     

生活垃圾填埋过程中的沉降分析与计算

结合生活垃圾PTH蠕变方程式中的相关参数,依据重庆市长生桥垃圾卫生填埋场的填埋工艺和填埋方案,得出填埋历程与填埋高度的关系曲线。通过与土压缩理论计算方法相比较发现,土压缩理论中参数选取主要以经验为主,假设条件也与实际情况不符,而PTH蠕变模型中各参数均可由室内压缩蠕变试验得出,依据充分。计算表明,重庆市长生桥垃圾卫生填埋场在填埋过程中产生的沉降达25.72%,在容量估算中如果忽略这一数据则会对填埋场的经济性分析产生一定影响。     

《中国城市商娱场所微区位原理》

内容简介:《中国城市商娱场所微区位原理》以人文地理学社会-文化转向方法论为理念,在研究城市社会空间结构与城市生活空间结构的基础上,结合国内外研究成果,探讨并论述城市场所微区位研究的方法论、场所微区位论基本理念、可持续性     

The comprehensive evaluation of China＇s urbanization and effects on resources and environment

This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the urbanization level in China in terms of four aspects of urbanization connotation: population, economy, society, and land. A comprehensive measurement is carried out for the Chinese urbanization between 1981 and 2006 based on the Entropy method. The results show that the comprehensive level of urbanization in China has a continuous increase with the major features of economic growth and a rapid evolution of the geographical landscape, followed by population urbanization and then social urbanization of health care standard; the distinguished evolutional characteristics can also be found in each of the subsystems. The integrated evolution of urbanization has a profound effect on the resources, energy and the environment, making the land resources and energy security situation under severe pressure. The environment pressure is also increased further.     

探索化石能源的“低碳”之路

化石能源是指经地质作用形成的、可用作燃料的碳氢化合物的通称．包括石油、煤炭、天然气、煤层气和可燃冰等。化石能源对人类生活的重要性不言而喻。吃穿住行都离不开它的身影。自工业革命以来的二百多年,人类社会高度现代化和文明的实现是以化石能源为主要推动力的。     

Characteristics of horizontal ground motion measures along principal directions

<正>Ground motion records are often used to develop ground motion prediction equations(GMPEs) for a randomly oriented horizontal component,and to assess the principal directions of ground motions based on the Arias intensity tensor or the orientation of the major response axis.The former is needed for seismic hazard assessment,whereas the latter can be important for assessing structural responses under multi-directional excitations.However,a comprehensive investigation of the pseudo-spectral acceleration(PSA) and of GMPEs conditioned on different axes is currently lacking.This study investigates the principal directions of strong ground motions and their relation to the orientation of the major response axis, statistics of the PSA along the principal directions on the horizontal plane,and correlation of the PSA along the principal directions on the horizontal plane.For these,three sets of strong ground motion records,including intraplate California earthquakes,inslab Mexican earthquakes,and interface Mexican earthquakes,are used.The results indicate that one of the principal directions could be considered as quasi-vertical.By focusing on seismic excitations on the horizontal plane,the statistics of the angles between the major response axis and the major principal axis are obtained;GMPEs along the principal axes are provided and compared with those obtained for a randomly oriented horizontal component;and statistical analysis of residuals associated with GMPEs along the principal directions is carried out.     

任意位移模式刚性挡土墙土压力研究

改进了水平层分析法,用于计算任意位移模式的土压力分布。对不同位移模式下水平微分单元进行受力分析,认为位移模式只影响了层间等效内摩擦角。根据前人提出的内摩擦角逐渐发挥的概念,将层间等效内摩擦角与挡土墙位移模式联系起来,并应用到水平层分析法中,实现了能够定量反映位移模式的土压力计算方法。分析表明：随位移模式变化,土压力合力大小始终保持不变且与库仑理论计算结果相一致,土压力分布和合力作用点则变化显著。试验数据验证了方法的合理性和可靠性。研究成果可供刚性挡土墙土压力计算参考     

不对称双连拱海底隧道施工引起的地层变形分析

在目前众多的预测隧道开挖引起的地层变形的方法中,经验公式法最为简便,也是目前应用最为广泛的方法,为此介绍了多种预测隧道开挖引起的地层沉降和水平位移的经验公式。并以青岛胶州湾海底隧道不对称双连拱断面为工程背景,由位于主隧道与匝道交叉口段的典型断面ZK2+800.78的几何参数和地质资料构建三维数值计算模型,采用岩土体工程通用有限差分软件FLAC3D进行动态施工三维数值模拟。通过对FLAC3D模拟和各经验公式计算的地层沉降和水平位移的对比分析,评价了FLAC3D软件和各经验公式在不对称双连拱隧道断面地层变形预测中的适用性。结果表明,当地层埋深较浅时,不同埋深地层的地层沉降和水平位移可近似用各经验公式来预测;但随着地层埋深的增大,各经验公式预测的偏差不断增大;经验公式只能对单一地层、单一隧道的地层变形进行估算,存在明显的局限性,而在预测复杂地质条件下不对称双连拱隧道断面开挖引起的地层变形时,FLAC3D较各经验公式有明显的优势