碎软煤层顶板梳状长钻孔水力压裂区域瓦斯高效抽采模式

瓦斯区域超前治理是实现煤矿安全、高效及智能化开采的重要保障,针对碎软煤层区域瓦斯高效抽采难题,以陕西韩城矿区3号煤层为研究对象,提出井下煤层顶板梳状长钻孔水力压裂区域瓦斯抽采模式。采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验等多手段相结合的方法,验证模式适用性,阐明紧邻煤层顶板梳状钻孔压裂裂缝延展规律、抽采机理和压裂曲线特征,进而建立适用于500 m孔深的集地质条件动态分析、分段水力压裂、封隔器遇阻解卡和压裂范围连续探查于一体的顶板梳状长钻孔裸眼分段水力压裂关键技术体系,实现煤层顶板梳状钻孔主孔轨迹距离煤层5 m左右、多段均匀压裂、压裂范围全孔监测和孔内事故高效处理。以此为基础,在韩城桑树坪二号井开展2孔次的工程实践：压裂主孔深度588 m、距3号煤层2 m左右,单孔压裂6段,压裂范围探查深度381 m、压裂影响半径20 m以上;压裂后,钻孔抽采瓦斯平均体积分数40%以上、瓦斯抽采量1 m3/min以上,抽采效果是常规钻孔的4倍,120 d瓦斯抽采有效半径可达9 m,实现了碎软煤层瓦斯区域高效抽采。并提出了适用于碎软煤层大区域瓦斯抽采以及高瓦斯压力碎软强突煤层远程区域抽采卸压等规模化应用技术思路。     

隔震建筑结构的强震观测与初步分析

福建省防灾减灾隔震大楼自2005年8月架设强震观测结构台阵以来,已多次记录到大楼地震动力反应,这些宝贵的结构反应资料对于评价隔震效果、分析结构反应特性具有十分重要的价值。本文从中选取了震级在3.7~7.6、震中距在189~3 595km的24次地震的台阵资料,对大楼的振动特性和隔震效果进行了初步分析,得到的结论是:(1)大楼场地土层的特征周期在0.63~0.68 s;(2)中心大楼在小地震作用下表现的振动卓越频率分别为4.7Hz(垂直向)、1.31Hz(南北向)、1.40Hz(东西向),大楼水平向第一阶振型的频率分别为1.41Hz(南北向)、1.59Hz(东西向),即自振周期为0.70 s(南北向)、0.63 s(东西向);(3)大楼在小地震时隔震效果不明显,其南北向隔震效果比东西向好;随着地下室记录峰值的增大,顶层放大倍数有所降低,大楼卓越频率也有所降低;(4)初步分析表明大楼在小震时仍有扭转效应,其扭转周期为0.5 s,有待进一步分析。     

Damping characteristics of friction damped braced frame and its effectiveness in the mega-sub controlled structure system

Based on energy dissipation and structural control principle, a new structural configuration, called the mega- sub controlled structure (MSCS) with friction damped braces (FDBs), is first presented. Meanwhile, to calculate the damping coefficient in the slipping state a new analytical method is proposed. The damping characteristics of one-storey friction damped braced frame (FDBF) are investigated, and the influence of the structural parameters on the energy dissipation and the practical engineering design are discussed. The nonlinear dynamic equations and the analytical model of the MSCS with FDBs are established. Three building structures with different structural configurations, which were designed with reference to the conventional mega-sub structures such as used in Tokyo City Hall, are comparatively investigated. The results illustrate that the structure presented in the paper has excellent dynamic properties and satisfactory control effectiveness.     

接触角度对黄土-三趾马红土界面剪切力学特性影响研究

西北黄土高原第四系黄土广泛沉积于新近系三趾马红土之上形成粗糙接触的异质土界面,为典型的易滑层面.为探讨接触界面粗糙度对黄土-三趾马红土界面剪切力学特性影响,研制界面制样装置及剪切仪,开展简化黄土-三趾马红土界面直剪试验研究.结果表明:界面剪切破坏模式有齿间滑动、齿间滑动-齿面剪断、齿面剪断3种,界面接触角度越大,破坏模...     

Hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment transport of a tidal river under influence of wading engineering groups

By taking the Yong River for example in this paper, based on the multiple measured data during 1957 to 2009, the change process of runoff, tide feature, tidal wave, tidal influx and sediment transport are analyzed. Then a mathematical model is used to reveal the influence mechanism on hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment transport of the wading engineering groups such as a tide gate, a breakwater, reservoirs, bridges and wharves, which were built in different periods. The results showed the hydrodynamic characteristics and sediment transport of the Yong River changed obviously due to the wading engineering groups. The tide gate induced deformation of the tidal wave, obvious reduction of the tidal influx and weakness of the tidal dynamic, decrease of the sediment yield of flood and ebb tide and channel deposition. The breakwater blocked estuarine entrances, resulting in the change of the tidal current and the reduction of the tidal influx in the estuarine area. The large-scale reservoirs gradually made the decrease of the Yong River runoff. The bridge and wharf groups took up cross-section areas, the cumulative affection of which caused the increase of tidal level in the tidal river.     

Application of FY-2C Cloud Drift Winds in a Mesoscale Numerical Model

Statistical tests and error analysis of cloud drift winds(CDWs) from the FY-2C satellite were made by using radiosonde observations.According to the error characteristics of the CDW,a bias correction using the thermal wind theory was applied in the data quality control.The CDW data were then assimilated into the GRAPES-meso model via the GRAPES-3DVar.A torrential rain event that occurred in northwestern China during 1-2 July 2005 was simulated.The results indicate that the CDW data were mainly distribute...     

宽窄相间河道水流紊动特性试验研究

为了探索宽窄相间河道的水流紊动特性，以西南地区宝兴河上游宽窄相间河段为研究对象，基于室内概化模型试验，采用多普勒声学流速仪（ADV）测量了室内模型典型断面上的三维瞬时流速，分析典型断面上的纵向时均流速、紊动强度、雷诺切应力和紊动能的分布规律。试验结果显示：宽窄相间水槽中，扩散段边壁的紊动强度大于中心区域的紊动强度，最大值位于0.2倍水深处；扩散段两侧坡脚处紊动能最大；侧壁区的平面和立面雷诺切应力最大值出现在扩散段内，中心区域最大雷诺切应力位于两槽间的中间断面处；扩散段内水流紊乱，两侧出现旋涡和涡脱，易造成侧壁侵蚀加强，引起河道拓宽。深入分析了宽窄相间河道水流的紊动特性，可为山区河流治理和自然灾害防治提供参考。     

地场综合工程地质定量评价方法

提要 本文论述了应用系统工程理论建立评价场地综合工程地质特性模型的基本思想、方法。利用这种方法使工程地质评价由定性到定量。由单一成为综合、使评价结合与实际更为符合。例证说明了该评价模型对实际场地评价的可行性。     

粤北地区夜雨特性分析

粤北位于南岭山脉南麓,地处亚热带,气候温和,雨量充沛。雨型以锋面雨为主,其次是对流雨、地形雨、台风雨。多年平均降水量约1200～2700mm,汛期(4～10月)的降水量约占年雨量的70～80％,而4～6月的降水量约占年雨量的49％。北部称架山南坡的坪溪站实测最大年雨量达4040mm,为粤北地