STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NIUSHOU MOUNTAIN AND ITS GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN CENTRAL NINGXIA

There are many thrust-related structures occurring in the Paleozoic strata of the Niushou Mountain in the central part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The fault-related folds are the typical structures in this area. Based on the analysis about these structures and their relationships, the processes by which these structures of the Miboshan Formation were formed are reconstructed, and the strata underwent about three stages of deformation: (1) horizontal shortening, (2) folding, and (3) thrusting. And the fact that the Niushou Mountain is the leading edge of an old thrust sheet was proved, the Niushou Mountain, the Daluo Mountain and the Xiaoluo Mountain together constitute the front part of this old thrust zone, so the Niushou Mountain and the Ordovician strata in the central and southern parts of Ningxia now are likely allochthons. In the period from middle Ordovician to Devonian, the areas of the central and southern Ningxia belonged to the back-arc foreland basin of North Qilianshan orogen, which was adjacent to the continent in the north. In the later part of the early Paleozoic period, the Niushou Mountain was formed after the closure of the back-arc foreland basin.     

POSITIVE INVERSION STRUCTURE OF THE CENTRAL STRUCTURE BELT IN TURPAN-HAMI BASIN

The central structure belt in Turpan-Hami basin is composed of the Huoyanshan structure and Qiketai structure formed in late Triassic-early Jurassic, and is characterized by extensional tectonics. The thickness of strata in the hanging wall of the growth fault is obviously larger than that in the footwall, and a deposition center was evolved in the Taibei sag where the hanging wall of the fault is located. In late Jurassic the collision between Lhasa block and Eurasia continent resulted in the transformation of the Turpan-Hami basin from an extensional structure into a compressional structure, and consequently in the tectonic inversion of the central structure belt of the Turpan-Hami basin from the extensional normal fault in the earlier stage to the compressive thrust fault in the later stage. The Tertiary collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate occurred around 55Ma, and this Himalayan orogenic event has played a profound role in shaping the Tianshan area, only the effect of the collision to this area was delayed since it culminated here approximately in late Oligocene-early Miocene. The central structure belt was strongly deformed and thrusted above the ground as a result of this tectonic event.     

粗粒料流变研究的现状与展望

粗粒料是土石坝的主要填料,高土石坝的流变已成为坝工专家和工程师广为关注的问题,其流变特性是研究的基础。分析了粗粒料流变研究的现状,介绍了长江科学院新取得的进展,并对粗粒料流变研究的前景提出了展望。     

用卫星高光谱数据提取江西德兴铜矿矿山废水的pH值污染指标

在对德兴铜矿矿山废水的光谱特征深入分析研究的基础上,总结了不同类型水体(酸性水、碱性水以及河流水)的特征光谱,并利用地物谱特征开展矿山废水pH值污染指标提取研究。针对水体光谱反射率低、特征光谱不明显的特点,采用矿区卫星Hyperion高光谱数据,应用ISA算法和掩膜技术识别出水体分布并进一步与MNF变换有效结合,根据波段散点图进行不同pH值水体的有效分割。为矿山废水污染的诊断和监测提供了新技术和理论支撑。     

GPS RTK应用中“假值”现象的分析与预防

GPS RTK中“假值”分析及预防,物探装备,GPS RTK是目前应用测量中广泛采用的一种新技术,但在应用过程中由于常常受客观环境因素及其它不可预见情况的影响,流动站GPS接受机有时采集的数据中会出现“假值”现象而导致测量采集成果错误。本文根据实践中积累的一些经验,从预防和判断的实用角度分别对“假值”的产生和特性进行了分析与说明,并提出具体的预防措施。     

区域沉降数据时空变异特性研究

本文利用变异函数分析方法,探讨了区域沉降数据随时空不同的变异特性,拟合出变异函数的球状模型,分析了沉降数据特征的描述方法,总结出有益的结论。     

陕北清涧河2002-07-04暴雨洪水分析

陕西清涧河上游200－07－04降特大暴雨，山洪暴发，致使清涧河干支流洪水猛涨，形成了该河历史上罕见的特大洪水。对该次暴雨洪水的成因、时空分布及特点和洪水过程进行了分析，发现这次洪水的暴雨中心和洪水形成均在上游地区，清涧河的降水特性和地貌特点及上游大面积滑坡阻水后跨坝是造成本次洪水暴涨暴落的基本原因。     

酸雨观测技术探讨

为了拓展气象业务服务领域，浙江省气象台站陆续开展酸雨项目观测。为了规范台站酸雨观测，2002年11月省局下发了《酸雨观测方法》供台站执行。我们在实际执行过程中遇到了一些技术问题，需要明确、补充和完善，本文针对台站酸雨观测中遇到的一些技术问题进行了探讨。     

巴州农区气候变化及其对农业生产的影响

分析了1960—2001年巴州农区年、季平均温度、降水的变化，结果表明：各地气候变化并不一致，大部分地区有温度升高、降水偏多的趋势。冬季的升温幅度明显大于其它季节，年平均温度的上升主要由冬季升温所致。     

奇异值分解和奇异交叉谱分析方法在华北夏季降水诊断中的应用

利用1965~2000年华北5省市及相邻省73个地面观测站逐月平均降水场及北半球500 hPa高度场、北太平洋海温场资料, 采用奇异值分解 (SVD)、奇异交叉谱 (SCSA) 分析方法, 将华北夏季降水场分别与1月北半球500 hPa高度场、冬季北太平洋海温场进行了诊断分析, 得出奇异向量分布型及相互作用的耦合周期信号。在对前4对奇异向量的分析中发现, 华北夏季降水全区域为正距平时与1月北半球500 hPa高度场PNA遥相关型关系非常密切。ENSO对华北夏季降水的影响确实存在, 但华北夏季降水全区域为正距平时与冬季北太平洋ENSO关系并不明显。同时还找出了华北降水与北半球500 hPa高度、北太平洋海温场相互作用的关键区。在华北各型降水与高度场、海温场关键区相互作用的耦合周期中, 前者以准2~7年振荡为主; 后者则周期较长, 最短周期仍为准2年振荡, 最长周期为准10~11年振荡。以上结论为进一步研究华北夏季降水短期气候预测方法, 提供了参考依据。