秦岭北界岩石圈组成及结构

位于北秦岭及华北块体交界处的明港地区发育有中基性火山角砾岩岩体群, 侵位时代为178.31± 3.77 Ma, 火山岩为亚碱性系列安山玄武岩, 火山角砾岩中含有丰富的下地壳和地幔的深源捕虏体, 是揭示秦岭造山带边界岩石圈组成和结构的理想地点. 对捕虏体岩套研究的结果表明, 其中的镁铁质麻粒岩、榴辉岩、变辉长岩在微量元素及Pb同位素特征等方面与南秦岭块体的相似, 代表了南秦岭俯冲至华北克拉通的下地壳下部的组成; 滑石化的橄榄岩为上覆的华北块体的地幔楔物质, 遭受了下覆南秦岭地壳释放的酸性熔/流体的交代. 该区的深部模型为晚古生代以后, 南秦岭岩石圈向北拆离俯冲, 它的上部垫置于北秦岭之下; 下部继续向北俯冲于华北块体之下. 中生代早期北秦岭向北仰冲, 华北块体呈鳄鱼状向南楔入到秦岭造山带.     

塔里木北缘岩石圈热-流变结构及其地球动力学意义

结合塔里木北缘的库车坳陷和塔北隆起这两个构造单元的地温资料和岩石热物性参数, 利用一维热传导方程, 给出了塔里木北缘地区岩石圈的热结构. 塔里木北缘地区平均地表热流为45 mW/m2左右, 地幔热流约为20~24 mW/m2, 莫霍面温度为514~603℃, 热岩石圈厚度138~182 km. 在此基础上, 根据该区地震测深剖面揭示的P波速度结构和岩石学, 结合流变学模拟进一步确定了该区的岩石圈强度及其分布特征. 研究结果表明, 岩石圈的流变分层现象明显, 整个上地壳和下地壳部分以脆性性质为主, 下地壳底部才显韧性性质, 壳下岩石圈地幔也表现为脆性性质, 具有典型的“三明治”结构. 此外, 岩石圈强度也具有横向变化的特征, 隆起区强度大于坳陷区强度; 从南往北, 强度依次降低, 塔北隆起南部强度最大, 库车坳陷强度最小. 塔里木北缘地区岩石圈拉张背景下强度为4.77×1012 ~ 5.03×1013 N/m, 挤压背景下为6.5×1012 ~ 9.40×1013 N/m, 其脆-韧性转换深度在20 ~ 33 km之间. 塔里木北缘的岩石圈较冷且强度较大, 岩石圈表现为刚性并以整体变形为主. 该区地震活动性研究也表明了这一整体变形的地球动力学特征.     

青藏高原东缘地壳、上地幔电性结构探测及其构造意义

利用大地电磁测深(简称MT)方法对青藏高原东缘地区进行了地壳、上地幔电性结构探测研究,得到了该区具有特殊的电性结构特征,探测结果清晰揭示出:(i)鲜水河断裂带是一条规模巨大的岩石圈断裂,它是川滇菱形块体的重要边界断裂;(ii)测区为强震多发区,断裂两侧块体介质的差异是强震活动带重要的深部背景;(iii)川滇菱形块体北部地区十几公里下,发现存在大规模低阻体,电阻率仅为几～几十欧姆·米,该层约以45°角向北东下延,与青藏高原侧向挤出,物质向东流变,受刚性块体阻挡有关。从深部介质电性特征,推断现今川滇菱形块体北部处在热状态,是近代很活动的块体之一;(iV)测区内岩石圈厚度由西段(川滇北部块体)逐渐向东(扬子块体)增厚。     

川西藏东地区的地壳P波速度结构

位于川西藏东地区的巴塘(竹巴龙)至四川资中深地震测深剖面,跨越松潘甘孜褶皱系,龙门山构造带和扬子准地台。本文根据沿测线爆破的记录截面图中各震相走时资料,结合相关的振幅信息,确定剖面二维P波地壳速度结构模型,分析川西高原和四川盆地的地壳上地幔结构的主要差异,并讨论测线上主要断裂带的深部特征,扬子地台与青藏高原的深部构造关系以及强烈地震发生的深部构造环境。     

近500年中国及邻区强震空间格局及迁移模式初步分析

介绍了中国及邻区地震目录数据库的开发状况，从历史强震、近代强震及强震震源深度等几个方面，结合我国及邻区板块构造以及应力状态、壳幔结构的东西部差异对我国强震的空间格局进行了较为系统的分析．公元1900年以前我国华北地区的强震呈现出大梯形格局，而公元1900年之后我国强震则以西部的巨大扇形为主要特征，其中震源深度最深的区域分别位于大扇形的2个顶点处，即兴都库什-帕米尔以及缅印交界地区．就我国强震所特有的空间分布格局对我国强震的线性以及区域性迁移模式进行了总结和分析，其中线性迁移模式又可细分为前进跳跃式和钟摆式．对文中涉及的强震迁移机制分别利用断层破裂、弹簧-滑块、壳幔的结构性差异以及它们之间的相对运动等模型进行了初步的解释．     

Study of crustal structure with S—wave data from Maqen—Jingbian profile

2-D crustal velocity structure and vp/vs are obtained by processing and interpretation of S-wave data from Maqen-Jingbian deep seismic sounding(DSS)profile.The result shows that there exist obvious differences in 2-D S-wave velocity structure and vp/vs ratio structure along the profile.The S-wave velocities are low and vp/vs ration is high for the westem section of the profile and Haiyuan region,while they are normal for the middle and eastern sections.The changes in lithologic characters of two major anomalous zones are discussed according to lateral variation of S-wave velocity structure and vp/vs ratio structure.It is concluded that the development and occurrence of the Haiyuan strong earthquake is not only related to tectonic activities,but also to lithologic characters of the region.     

Lithospheric structure and continental geodynamics

This paper briefly reviews main progress in the research on lithospheric structure and continental geodynamics made by Chinese geophysicists during last 4 years since 22nd IUGG general assembly in July 1999. The research mainly covers the following fields: investigations on regional lithospheric structure, DSS survey of crust and upper mantle velocity structure, study on present-day inner movement and deformation of Chinese mainland by analyz-ing GPS observations, geodynamics of Qingzang plateau, geophysical survey of the Dabie-Sulu ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt and probing into its formation mechanism, geophysical observations in sedimentary basins and study on their evolution process, and plate dynamics, etc.     

Crustal structure beneath the Songpan—Garze orogenic belt

The Benzilan-Tangke deepseismic sounding profile in the western Sichuan region passes through the Song-pan-Garze orogenic belt with trend of NNE.Based on the travel times and the related amplitudes of phases in the record sections,the 2-D P-wave crustal structure was ascertained in this paper.The velocity structure has quite strong lateral variation along the profile.The crust is divided into 5layers,where the first,second and third layer belong to the upper crust,the forth and fifth layer belong to the lower crust.The low velocity anomaly zone gener-ally exists in the central part of the upper crust on the profile,and it integrates into the overlying low velocity basement in the area to the north of Ma‘erkang.The crustal structure in the section can be divided into 4parts:in the south of Garze-litang fault,between Garze-Litang fault and Xianshuihe fault,between Xianshuihe fault and Longriba fault and in the north of Longriba fault,which are basically coincided with the regional tectonics division.The crustal thickness decreases from southwest to northeast along the profile,that is ,from62km in the region of the Jinshajiang River to 52km in the region of the Yellow River.The Moho discontinuity does not obviously change across the Xianshuihe fault basesd on the PmP phase analysis.The crustal average velocity along the profile is lower,about 6.30 km/s.The Benzilan-Tangke profile reveals that the crust in the study area is orogenic.The Xianshuihe fault belt is located in the central part of the profile,and the velocity is positive anomaly on the upper crust,and negative anomaly on the lower crust and upper mantle.It is considered as a deep tectonhic setting in favor of strong earthquake‘s accumulation and occurrence.